CHAPTER ONE- Introduction Trinidad and Tobago is an archipelagic state situated at the southern end of the Caribbean isle series. (Figure 1.1) Trinidad's lands are embodied by steep mountains, undulating hills and plains. The island has extraordinary varied coastlines, wetlands and diversified flora and fauna. The population is approximately 1.25 million in conjunction with the annual growth rate of 1.2 percent. The island has a tropical wet climate and the rainfall is an average of 2,200 millimetres. It is also seasonal with a wet season from June to November and a dry season from December to May. Trinidad's population is intense in city areas along the west coastal regions and at the foothills of its northerly located mountain range. In …show more content…
What is the effect of the tropical climate variations on the water availability and supply? iii. What are the specific areas in Central, Trinidad most affected by poor quantity and/or poor quality of water supply? iv. What is the effect of local government and customer management on water supply? v. How can the quality and quantity of water supply be improved? vi. What proportion of the supplied water is unaccounted for and what are the causes for this? vii. What are the ways of reducing unaccounted for water and what else can be done to increase the volume of water available to consumers? viii. What are the positive and negative contributions of urban development? ix. Is there any satisfaction of the water rates paid for by customers in relation to the supply given. 1.4 Scope Although Trinidad is a small country; it is spatially and socio-economically varied amongst all regional corporations. It remains difficult to extrapolate from this research and generalize on behalf of the central regional corporations, let alone to the rest of the regions which may vary quite significantly in development, in terms of water resources and issues. Therefore, the scope of this thesis is limited to a few regional corporations in the central area explored in the research. The research conducted covered less than 1% of the regional corporation population; and although it would have been ideal to survey everyone in the given areas, time and security limitations prevented a larger sample size to be
Humans need water. In a world that is overpopulated, we use a lot of water and other natural resources. Currently, in our world, clean water is getting scarce. Recently, for example, Flint, Michigan, had a water crisis. In early 2016, the water was discovered to be tainted with lead and other toxins. Long before that, the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, and Governor Rick Snyder along with his council, knew about the lead, but to save money for the city of Flint in early 2014 Snyder had changed the city’s water source to the Flint River which had corroded pipes, causing people of all ages to be sick from the high amounts of lead
Second, long term and short term climate changes (e.g. global warming and El Nino) may lead to dryness. Global warming rises
they use monthly. Their water bill may be raised due to the fact of the Water Crisis. People must
4. United Nations Development Programme, U.N. Human Development Report 2006, Beyond Scarcity: Power, Poverty, and the Global Water Crisis, web. 6 Dec. 2009 http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/hdr2006_english_summary.pdf
This is not a problem which is limited to the developing world either, as even the United States has also been experiencing the effects of water shortages in recent years. In the US, the average citizen uses more than three times the amount of water as many European countries (Data 360). A key difference between the US and the European continent is the geographical variation. A majority of the large cities in America where water is becoming more scarce are located in the West and are surrounded by arid landscapes, although it should be noted that shortages are not limited to this area alone (The Atlantic). Most water usage in the country is reserved for irrigation of farmland, general landscaping, and home use (EPA). It is estimated by the EPA that the average family uses over 400 gallons of water every day, and that the cumulative volume of water used in homes is much less than the former two greatest uses. Not only is extreme overuse a problem, but seasonal droughts have become increasingly frequent throughout the US. Here, we will look more closely at the causes, effects, and implications of water shortages across the United States and beyond.
Currently in Canada the provinces deem who gets water and when; they also allocate water to public or private entities within their province. Currently the provinces are doing a terrible job with water management, no province has an accurate estimate of how much groundwater they possess. This is extremely problematic because they are issuing permits without knowing how much water there actually is or how many permits they should give out. The risk with this situation is that if they give out too many permits without knowing the total amount of groundwater available then there might not be enough water left for the ecosystems, or even worse when there is a drought (Olive,
A History of Modern Trinidad 1783-1962., Bridget Brereton., Heinemann Educational Books Inc.: New Hampshire. 1981.
Many scientific studies also show increases in the intensity, duration, and extent of droughts, higher atmospheric temperatures, warmer sea surface temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and diminishing glaciers and snowpack. The bottom line is that causes of climate change, such as greenhouse gas emissions, will have to be minimized if people want to do as much as possible to solve the water crisis. Works Cited Water demand management: the case of Zaragoza, Spain Web 25 Nov. 2014. http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/swm_cities_zaragoza_2010/pdf/final_report_swm_cities.pdf.
Compare to other region, they also have water problem but their main issues are about trees. Too many trees are cutting down in other to make charcoal and all that burning wood or waste can pollutes or damage the atmosphere.
... drinking water such as Bolivia and Ghana. In the documentary, Flow the experience of poor Bolivians was shown. The water corporations provided unclean drinking water that was full of pollutants. The water cost more than the poor could afford. As a result the citizens rioted and protested against the private water company.
The Caribbean remains fragmented both economically and politically as a result of competition and conflict among the European powers. Fragmentation is in part the product of a long history as separate colonies of a metropolitan power or powers. It is also in part the psychological effects on people of separation by sea.
People don’t appreciated the many advantages that comes with having clean potable water to use, taking it for granted. A lot of clean useful water is wasted by humans all the time that people don’t care about saving water because they have easy access to it. Clean and safe drinkable water resources are getting scarce as the population grows. The world is facing many problems, but the most important needed to survive, is water. Water is getting low in many countries, therefore habitants are suffering the misfortune of not having the reliable source of clean water. Today many countries are having water shortages; meaning rivers, lakes, streams and groundwater are not enough to rely on for supplying water demands. For example, California is facing a drastic water shortage, the natural water resources are not enough to fulfill their water demands. Water shortage affects the agricultural sector, so as a consequence the price for production
One main causes of water scarcity is water mismanagement worldwide. Water mismanagement has become a crisis of governance that will impact heavily ...
According to CQ Researcher’s Cooper “More than a billion people around the world lack access to safe drinking water and their numbers are growing”(Water Shortage). Is it fair that so many people must go without water while thousands of gallons are wasted here in the United States? Cooper in addition commented that “unlike the vast majority of natural resources water often is seen as a free commodity like the air we breathe” (Water Shortage). Without seeing water as something worth conserving, we literally pour away our most valuable resource. We can not afford this; water shortages already ravage the majority of the world: “If per-capita water consumption continues to rise at current rates, humans will take more than 90 percent of all available fresh water by 2025, leaving only 10 percent of the earth’s fresh water for all animals and plants on the planet” (Cooper, Water Shortage). Even the water that is available to humans is often not clean enough to safely drink: “Outbreaks of cholera and other waterborne diseases kill 10 million people each year” (Cooper, Water Quality). Cooper acknowledged that“1.1 billion people worldwide lack access to safe drinking water...
The Caribbean, a region of small states, is a unique place where people share similar history, culture, language, social, economic and political issues. This region is also vulnerable to political reformation, devaluation, natural disasters and globalization. Despite these threats and difficulties, this region has been slowly progressing to a common purpose; a goal that will make the Caribbean region stand out from the rest of the world. Caribbean integration has come a long way. Today 14 million CARICOM nationals have the right to move and work within the CARICOM nations; they are also guaranteed the right do business without barriers. But this didn’t just happen spontaneously, the Caribbean people have been fighting to be recognized as a