ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN MASS GATHERINGS: A CASE STUDY OF MAHA KUMBH MELA 2013 AT PRAYAG, INDIA
ABSTRACT:
A mass gathering is an essential important aspect of modern society. There are various types of gatherings where thousands of people actively participate. A mass gathering is an effortless way to interact and socialize among the various groups of people. There are various challenges that usually come across while conducting an event which leaves an undesirable impact on the environment. This paper discusses the environmental management in a mass gathering by taking a case study of Maha Kumbh 2013 at Prayag, India. By analyzing the data and information collected regarding the event, a conclusion can be drawn that although such gatherings can entail significant health risks, but there are ways of curbing the ill effects. Also some technological advancement in the field of treatment has made,
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Study Area:
The city of Allahabad is situated in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It lies on coordinate 25.4500ºN, 81.8500°E. Located in southern Uttar Pradesh, the city’s metropolitan area covers 63.07 km2. It is connected by road to prominent cities of the country like Jhansi, Kanpur, Lucknow, Bhopal, New Delhi, etc. Buses are operated by Uttar Pradesh and other State Road transport Corporation as an important means of road transport.
Allahabad junction is one of the main railway junctions in the Northern India and headquarters of the North Central Railway Zone. The four main stations in Allahabad are Prayag Station, City Station at Rambagh, Daraganj station and Allahabad Junction. The city is connected to most of the Uttar Pradesh cities Chennai, Vishakhapatnam, New delhi etc.
Allahabad is served by Allahabad Airport, which is 12 kilometers from the city centre. Air India and Spice Jet connects Allahabad to Delhi and Mumbai. Inland waterways Authority of india connects Allahabad and Haldia. Figure 1: Geographical Map Of Allahabad
2.2. Background of
A Gathering of Old Men by Earnest J. Gaines is a great novel about race relations in the south. The novel begins with a child narrator who relates the report that there has been a shooting on a Louisiana plantation, and a white, Cajun farmer Beau Boutan, is dead. He has been killed in the yard of an old black worker, Mathu. Because of the traditional conflict between Cajuns and blacks in South Louisiana, the tension in the situation and the fear of the black people is immediately felt in the novel. I would definitely recommend this book to someone else.
Varity of routes - Routes Long Distance, Commuter Routes, Regional Routes, High Speed Rail – Acela.
Group is defined as two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent who have come together to achieve particular objectives. The group members must be interacting and interdependent. An individual is unable to perform all the activities. Group formation has become inevitable to achieve organizational objectives. Groups may be found and accepted by the organization. It may also be informal which is not recognized but functioning in the organization. Sometimes, informal groups are more effective in organization. Group dynamics are essentially used to increase productivity and profitability of an organization.
Population density is the total number of people per unit of area, usually per square mile. As population density rises to high levels, as it has in today’s cities, the familiar problems of urban living appear, including high rates of crime and homelessness.Interacting with these problems are crises of the physical environment, such as air and water pollution and the growing output of hazardous wastes with the resultant global warming. ” Ten Years from now,India will have an extra 250 million people. In five of the worlds “hot spots” of water d...
A man danced alone on a hill showered with sunlight at a sitting concert, jumping wildly to the beat of the song being played. The onlookers who rested quietly on the blades of grass, silently judged the man dancing. The first follower joined the first man, and the first man embraced the new man warmly-- they danced together. A few seconds later, another man joined. He called to his friends and they joined. Soon, more and more onlookers merged with the group of people dancing upon the hill. The beat was thumping along with the people as they jumped. The crowd of people still sitting quickly stood in order to combine with the assembly. The lone man started out looking ridiculous-- a lone nut. But as soon as the first man joined in his flamboyant
My knowledge about US gangs was very poor, but what I understood after the assigned reading for this class and this module in particular, modern gang problem is absolutely structural, because of it's members seeking the gathering for a particular reasons, like protect of their territory, neigborhood, etc. As quotted in Short (1998) “Status threats can be conceptualized as threats to control balance, for groups as well as individuals. (...) status considerations between ethnic groups clearly are at issue in the violence of hate-motivated gangs, crowds, and mobs (see Cummings, 1993;Jenness and Broad, 1997;McCall, 1994) Here reserchers confirms that gang gathering is for the principal reason status issue. And for me status belong to the gang's
Whenever mass hysteria is present it seems to condone damage of the truth and illogical accusations, causing the community to turn against itself. As Miller points out, people need someone to blame during times of change. Also, they feel a need for an escape to deflect blame from themselves. As a result, he perceives that the people were also able to justify their grievances in such a way that made them look respectable-blaming it on others. It seemed as if they were acting on behalf of the common good. It “suddenly became possible, patriotic, and holy for a man to say that "Martha Corey had come into his bedroom at night" while one could not “ordinarily speak such things in public”. The witchhunt is dangerous because they are able to express “long-held hatreds of neighbours” all in the “arena of morality”. Many would argue that hatred is the primary cause of the trials I believe rather one's faith is the basis for reporting others if their worship ritual doesn't correspond with yours.
Morgan, T. J. H., & Laland, K. N. (2012). The biological bases of conformity.Frontiers in Neuroscience, 6.
As our world becomes increasingly globalized, numerous people travel to urban areas in search of economic prosperity. As a consequence of this cities in periphery countries expand at rates of 4 to 7 percent annually. Many cities offer entrepreneurs the potential for resources, labor, and resources. With prosperity cities also allow the freedom to of a diversity of way of life and manners (Knox & Marston, 2012). However, in the quest to be prosperous, increasing burdens are placed on our health and the condition of our environment. These burdens are amplified as the area is further urbanized; increasing demands for fossilized fuels, food, water, and property for additional urban construction. The impact of industrialization has transformed human life and produced extensive ecological deviations. In order to understand how the environmental impacts of ever expanding industrialized technology might linger to impact our health and that of our environment, offers facts that should be studied. This paper suggests that extra research be conducted to enhance perception concerning advancing modern technology disadvantageous consequences on the safety of humans and their surrounding environment.
Indeed, many global cities face compelling urban planning issues like urban sprawl, population, low density development, overuse of non-renewable natural recourses, social inequities and environmental degradation. These issues affect the cities themselves, the adjacent regions and often even globally. The resulting ecological footprint upsets the balance in adjacent rural and natural areas. Unplanned or organic development leads to urban sprawl, traffic problems, pollution and slums (as evident in the case of Mumbai city). Such unplanned development causes solid waste management and water supply to fall inadequate. Urban sprawl gives rise to low density development and car dependent communities, consequently leading to increased urban flooding, low energy efficiency, longer travel time and destruction of croplands, forests and open spaces for development.
Platform where all the journey starts or begin, where consumer get the services like air port, railway station, bus depot etc.
...ffects on human health. These have high negative effects on low income areas, as a result of pollution, visual, oral and air, as well as high levels of overcrowding. The World Health Organisation predicts that in the next 30years most of the world’s population growth will occur in cities and towns of poor countries. This rapid, unplanned and unsustainable pattern of urbanisation, is creating cities into focal points for environmental and health hazards (World Medical Association, 2010).
Earth Hour is an annual international event, organized by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). This event actually asked us to think about what else we could be doing to make a difference to save our Earth. Countries that participate will switch off their lights for one hour to display a universal commitment to protect the one thing that unites us the entire planet. Unfortunately, most of us do not notice that this campaign will bring side effects, if we as a citizen participate in this campaign in a wrong way. Hence, the campaigns of Earth Hour has innumerable uses and like all campaigns, it has its drawbacks which encompass negative impact on human activities, enhancing energy reduction as well as releasing emission to the environment and perception of people about Earth Hour.
of London. It is well served by road and rail links, and is within an
Social ecology observes humans as the main cause of the destroyed earth, by overpopulating it. The world is made up of numerous people, with different races and religions, it’s because of the bad habits men and women have created which have lead to a polluted earth (Carlson, Felton, 2001). Mur...