Balochistan- A Profile. Balochistan is the western most of the four provinces of Pakistan. It is located at the eastern edge of the Iranian plateau and in the border region between Southwest, Central, and South Asia . Balochistan is the largest province, covering 347,190 square kilometers, which is approximately 44 percent of Pakistan’s land mass. The province is important from geo-strategic as well as geo-economic point of view because of its 909 kms border with Iran in the West, 1268 kms border with Afghanistan in the North West and approximately 760 kms long coastline in the South along Arabian Sea (Map attached as Annexure-A). It has an easy access to other three provinces of Pakistan namely Sindh, Punjab and North West Frontier Province …show more content…
Balochistan with its attractive coastline is important for the world as it influences the Persian Gulf Sea routes. It has Jiwani, an under developed fish harbour while Gwadar has been developed as deep sea port, however, its connectivity is still in the process. Pasni is a mini port where as Ormara is serving as the naval base (Map attached as Annexure-E). The area lies within a system of mountains and geological structure similar to oil bearing areas of the world. Balochistan has high potential for mineral and natural resources and prospects of discovery of oil and gas are extremely promising . Balochistan serves as trade and commerce arteries to land locked Afghanistan and occupy an extremely important region at the world’s oil as well as trans¬-Asia trade route. Balochistan’s importance can be listed as …show more content…
Balochistan before Independence. In the mid 19th century, the Baloch population was divided between the British India, Iran and Afghanistan and was affected by the nationalistic trends. They were reluctant to the presence of national boundaries and extension of central administration over their lands. Notwithstanding the frustration and discontent, the British continued their rule over British Indian Balochistan through negotiations and a treaty (signed at Jacobabad in 1876) with Khan of Kalat. In 1877, a British Indian force was stationed at Quetta and Sir Robert Sandeman was appointed as first Agent to the Governor General. This was done with a view to create a buffer zone between Soviet Union and the British Empire. In view of the loose control of the Khan over his Sardars, Sandeman tactfully established contacts with other tribal chiefs (Sardars) of Balochistan and succeeded in maintaining peace in the area. The British ruthlessly crushed the rebellious designs wherever it surfaced while retaining the Sardari and Jirga system after making it subservient to the Crown . However, the sentiments of Baloch nationalism remained alive and slogans for an independent state of Balochistan kept rising during early decades of 20th
and were forced to give up all claims on Afghanistan to the British. These two
Self determination is the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government. This is exactly what India and Pakistan were able to do when they were separated. For example, they both played parts in the cold war. India was completely neutral, and Pakistan allied with the United States to prevent Soviet expansion in Asia (India, 36). Another example would be in 1974 when India tested a plutonium-based bomb after Pakistan celebrated their 40th anniversary separated from India. India said it was a “peaceful nuclear explosive (Schorr, 19). These examples show that the Britain’s separation and withdrawal from the two subcontinents allows them to make their own choices and possibly benefit from
The British invasions embittered the Afghan people, creating a sense of xenophobia that created powerful resistance to Western-style reforms put forward by Afghan leaders in years to come.
For centuries, India was a country of separate dynasties and kingdoms, which often led to a wide variety of cultural and ethnic tensions and continuous change of power for many of the kingdoms. They viewed each other as enemies, which created an opportunity for countries, such as England, to invade and eventually rule much of the country. Britain colonized the Indian subcontinent (present-day countries of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh) from 1757 until 1947 (Iyer 2). Not all areas were directly under British control, in other cases Indian rulers governed them, and power was split between the two (Iyer 2). For the British, India was strategically placed in terms of geography, manpower, natural resources, and land, as well as many other sectors (Maddison 1).
The mutiny, regarded by many as India's first War of Independence, was to have important consequences and the structure of British India was to be re-organised extensively. Increasingly, India came under direct Crown rule as the British East India Company was dispossessed of its functions and, in 1877, Queen Victoria was crowned Empress. Despite the severity of European reprisal as each territory had been regained and its subsequent defensive proposals of military alteration, a measure of conciliation had been introduced to administrative policy. Integration of the higher castes and princes was now considered important, land policy was revised and plans for radical social change were shelved.
Afghanistan is classified as the as the fifth least developed country in the world, by the UN global human development index which ranks each country by their citizens income, life expectancy and the populations literacy rate, National Human Development Report (NHDR) for 2007.
Afghanistan since its beginning has been a place of conflict, despair, and at times lost hope. It has been taken advantage of and lost its sense of identity, which has had a direct effect on its people, and there own sense of what justice truly is.
By the year 1857 the British had established complete political control of India. As Western education was introduced and missionaries eroded Hindu society resentment among Indian people grew and it was joined by unease among the old governing class when the British decided to formally abolish the Mughal Empire.
In 1857 the British had invaded the nation of Hindustan (India). Many feel that if it were not for the British Empire, India would still be an under developed country. The British established a government system that before did not exist. It was a three level system including the imperial government located in London, the central government located in Calcutta, and later on provincial governments scattered throughout the regions of what was known as the British Raj1. Alt...
The Prince of Kashmir chose India but Pakistan invaded the province soon after and have occupied part of Kashmir since then. Controversy still surrounds the province today because naturally, Muslims want to control it. While many Muslims relocated to Pakistan and the Hindus to India, half of the Muslim population was left in India and their relations did not improve after being partially separated.
Afghanistan’s importance with respect to the cultural impact of globalization is increasing as the war in Afghanistan draws down. Afghanistan sits on the edge of the unknown. Once the United States leaves it will be left to create its own destiny. The eyes of the world will be on Afghanistan to see who it allies with, who it trades with and how it conducts itself.
In the past ten years the Afghan Government has been dealing with a number of issues that have caused problems for the country, problems such as illegal drug trade, terrorism and violence. But nowadays they are fighting a problem that has long existed between people, and quite recently has taken a whole new aspect to it. Ethnic conflict is the destructive factor that has caused problems between people for generations, often leading to fights, outbreak of violence and grudge between different ethnicities.
of Bengal. This gave the foreigners effective control of administration. The Marathas, the Sikhs and ...
Pakistan is facing energy crises due to increase in demand, a poor management and lack of investment in our energy resources. Our energy needs depends upon oil and gas. We have to import about 30% energy in the form of crude oil, coal, LPG etc. [5]
...ted the title of Governor-General rather than Prime Minister, which underlined ties to the inherited autocratic British vice regal system. Both of them also died before the formation of the Pakistani Constitution in 1956, and without clarifying their vision for Pakistan. Their deaths created a leadership vacuum and political frenzy within the Pakistani government (Jaffrelot 2011). Pakistan’s ruling elite did not have the same levels of popular mandate and structure as Congress had within India. The Muslim League was made up of culturally migrant-Indian political elites who lacked the grassroots prestige of “Indian revolutionaries” such as Gandhi and Nehru (Darby 2013). Pakistan took eight years to resolve issues on national language, religion’s role within state, and federal structures by which time a quasi-coup and rigged-elections had taken place (Oldenburg 2010).