Louis Henry Sullivan's architectural adornment has yet to be known by individuals simply because of the adept evolution from forms from nature, and the penetrating geometric structures and connections found through every one of his works, yet more importantly the humanistic condition of consciousness that has been proposed. Sullivan recommends that in construction design, works of art should not stand on their own as an accessory, but instead be produced by the standards of building proposals, design, objective, and form. Sullivan's various structures were principally borrowed from natural forms, and their application gained from geometric understanding; they were then transformed and modified to the steel sections and curves, and enlivened …show more content…
In comparison to Sullivan's preceding office structures, like the 1891 Wainwright Building in St. Louis, Carson, Pirie, Scott in Chicago was expected to address its contributor’s demands in a very different manner. As opposed to accentuating the beehive of exact windows proposed to reflect the exact work occurring in each individual office, in the Carson Pirie Scott building, Sullivan displayed instead the secondary street level section and passage to persuade customers into the store. This was executed in various ways. The windows on the ground floor, exhibiting the store's merchandise, are much bigger than those above. The three entryways of the primary access were fixed within a rotunda on the corner of the building, so they are noticeable from all directions drawing nearer the building. The three primary entrances and the integrated base section are separated from the additional stories above by an undivided arrangement of elaborately baroque adornment. The cast-iron adornment incorporates the same exceptionally perplexing, fragile, natural, and floral motif that had become trademarks of Sullivan's pleasing
Many of Frank Gehry’s early works reflect a refined manipulation of shapes and structures, whereby many of his buildings present distorted shapes or apparent structures. From the Guggenheim museum to the Walt Disney concert hall, Frank Gehry’s architecture is close to none. He cleverly plays with shapes and geometries. In this essay, I shall start with a brief analysis of Gehry’s house and the influences in the design of the house. I shall then analyze the extent to which Frank Lloyd Wright has inspired and influenced Gehry in the design of his house through a comparison with Frank Lloyd Wright’s Jacob’s house.
She redecorated the once cluttered dining room of her apartment in the 1890’s, stripping away the heavy Victorian decoration and replacing it with furniture and accessories to lighten the room. “Eleanor Brown’s style was based on French classicism, the prevailing taste in American society that had been established by Elsie De Wolfe twenty years before” (Smith, 100). Contrary to many of the decorators of her time, she also designed in the Directoire and English Regency style (Smith, 100), as French and English interiors were where she drew a lot of her inspiration from. In 1928, Brown designed an apartment for herself that included many styles, including Greek revival, Classical Revival, and even some late-Art Deco design. Dorothy Draper designed in the “classical late-Art Deco, Greek-Egyptian” (Smith, 105) style.
Louis Sullivan, an architect, created the Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building from iron, steel, glass, and terracotta around 1889-1903 C.E. This architecture demonstrates a Chicago style as an early skyscraper in Illinois in the United States. Louis Sullivan emphasizes the entrance to attract shoppers into the building.
James F. O'Gorman, Dennis E. McGrath. ABC of Architecture. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998. Document. October 2013.
It will discuss the different types of dwellings throughout recorded human history from the perspective of how art and culture influences building design. This will fulfill my own curiosity to understand the different influences on homebuilding and design over the years and how people have dealt with these changes.
“In the Cause of Architecture” is an essay written by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1908. In this work, Wright outlines many of his architectural values. This text goes into great detail about the philosophy behind Frank Lloyd Wright’s architecture, as well as many important milestones in his life, such as working for Adler and Sullivan. This text is useful because it comes straight from Frank Lloyd Wright himself. It talks about many things important to his role as a notable American, such as his influences for his architecture and his architectural
Palace of Versailles is a symbol of the system of absolute monarchy during the reign of Louis XIV. It had raised France to supreme power and has made France a richest country in Europe. The palace and the gardens of Versailles are recorded into World Heritage by ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites) in 1979 and had become the ideal royal residence and government in Europe for over a century. The palace is significantly influenced by classical ancient Greek and Roman architectures and mythologies, particularly the surrounding gardens and decorative features including the sculptures and fountains. This essay aims to explore the garden designs and decorative features under the influences of Louis XIV, and how they are used to glorify the king and demonstrate the wealth and power of Versailles. Firstly, this paper will talk about the history of Louis XIV and how he has developed into an absolute monarch. Secondly, the essay will analyse how the site layout of Versailles and gardens are formed in relation to Louis as the Sun King. Lastly, within historical context, certain important features of the gardens will be discussed mainly on their purposes and how they are influenced by the mythology, politics and cultures.
From the early Greek temples of yesteryear, to the high-tech autonomous buildings of tomorrow, the question of whether the function of a building or its aesthetics qualities are more important has plagued the minds of architects around the world. Webster's II New College Dictionary (Please do not use the encyclopedia or the dictionary to open your essay--way too high school.) defines aesthetics as "The branch of philosophy that provides a theory of the beautiful and of the fine arts" (18). The definition of Functionalism is defined by Webster's as "The doctrine that the function of an object should determine its design and materials" (453). Now, if the function of an object decides the type of design and materials used how does one integrate aesthetics into design, and moreover, how important are aesthetics to an architect? Frank Lloyd Wright was one of the greatest and most renowned architects of the 19th and 20th centuries, and while his buildings where lauded for displaying great artistic design, the issue of function was compromised by the blatant fact that his roofs leaked. This is because he let the aesthetics of his buildings become the focus of the structure, and neglected to adequately address the function of the building allowing for this problem to take root in his designs (Palermo, 4 Mar. 1999). As is apparent from Frank Lloyd Wright, there is a certain balance that has to be attained between aesthetics and functionalism in order for a structure to be appreciated as a successful building.
The strength of a gothic building is made to reside in a finely organized framework rather than in its walls. This framework, which consists of perfectly placed piers, arches and buttresses, frees up any unessential impediment of walls and presents a light feeling. The stability of the building depends only on inert massiveness in its outermost parts, whose opposing forces counteract each other in a perfect stability of thrust and counterthrust. Gothic architecture is an artistic, strategic system of engineering, schemes for building were followed for elevations, termed quadratum (four sided) and triangulorum (three sided). 2 This system allowed them to raise their ideal structures according to symbolic measure and numbers reflecting the geometry of the New Jerusalem and its prototype, the Temple of Solomon. (Figure 1.1)
S.H. Kress achieved a unique architectural distinction in both defining a brand identity while simultaneously fitting in with the five-and-dime market and the local main street character of each town. He was a pioneer in creating company brand identity through a “signature storefront”. He viewed his buildings as an advertisement and each store had some components that were standardized, reflecting the popular assembly line approach at that time, while other components varied based on the location to fit within each town culture.
The essence of modern architecture lays in a remarkable strives to reconcile the core principles of architectural design with rapid technological advancement and the modernization of society. However, it took “the form of numerous movements, schools of design, and architectural styles, some in tension with one another, and often equally defying such classification, to establish modernism as a distinctive architectural movement” (Robinson and Foell). Although, the narrower concept of modernism in architecture is broadly characterized by simplification of form and subtraction of ornament from the structure and theme of the building, meaning that the result of design should derive directly from its purpose; the visual expression of the structure, particularly the visual importance of the horizontal and vertical lines typical for the International Style modernism, the use of industrially-produced materials and adaptation of the machine aesthetic, as well as the truth to materials concept, meaning that the true nat...
Frank Lloyd Wright has been called “one of the greatest American architect as well as an Art dealer that produced a numerous buildings, including houses, resorts, gardens, office buildings, churches, banks and museums. Wright was the first architect that pursues a philosophy of truly organic architecture that responds to the symphonies and harmonies in human habitats to their natural world. He was the apprentice of “father of Modernism” Louis Sullivan, and he was also one of the most influential architects on 20th century in America, Wright is idealist with the use of elemental theme and nature materials (stone, wood, and water), the use of sky and prairie, as well as the use of geometrical lines in his buildings planning. He also defined a building as ‘being appropriate to place’ if it is in harmony with its natural environment, with the landscape (Larkin and Brooks, 1993).
Nearly sixty years of architecture (Pei Cobb Freed & Partners) and about the same number of projects over his lifetime is what architect Ieoh Ming Pei (most known by his initials I.M.) can boast today (PBS). He became known for his use of concrete, glass, stone, and steel and the geometric style he adopted in the buildings he designed (John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum). This Chinese-American architect rose from little known to in high demand as he pleased clients with his character as well as his work (Encyclopedia of World Biography 186). Numerous awards and breathtaking structures both lend to the interest in how I.M. Pei became the architectural legend he is today.
Architecture is the concept of bringing structure, materiality, form and space together as a whole, provide people with enclosed atmosphere to experience. Considering this, it is important to identify that materiality and the purpose of details has been a key methodology to bringing architectural intentions into the design in an affective manner, more over producing an architectural expression. However, this position is rather declining in architecture, reducing tectonics and materiality to being secondary to form and space. With the start of modernism, the attempt to achieve minimalistic style has caused detailing to increasingly develop into a decorative aspect of a building, neglecting its individual contribution to architecture.
Jencks believes “the glass-and-steel box has become the single most used form in Modern Architecture and it signifies throughout the world ‘office building’” (27). Thus, modern architecture is univalent in terms of form, in other words it is designed around one out of a few basic values using a limited number of materials and right angles. In...