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The role attachment theory plays in children's lives
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Christy is a 26 year old female who grew up in Sevierville. Until the age of eight Christy received a strong neurophysiological foundation. Her family didn’t have much money but she was well cared for. When Christy turned eight her father was in a work accident, Christy was neglected and abused. At age sixteen Christy was raped by a twenty-six year old man and was tricked into marrying him. Ten years after the marriage they have five children together, one who is autistic. The husband, Billy, is abusive to her and the children. For many generations Christy’s family has lived in poverty. According to (site) epigenetics can be passed down from generation to generation. It can be suggested that because Christy’s family has lived in the same …show more content…
This suggests habituation. It could be generalized that she now believes all males older than she is are abusive and will hurt her in some way. This could potentially hold her back from leaving her current situation, it could lead to mistrust of any social worker or counselor who is a male and prohibit any male friendship she might be offered.
Do to the abuse and neglect that occurred it is possible that Christy struggles with attachment. It appears that Christy may have insecure-avoidant attachment. Insecure-avoidant attachment is often used as a way of coping and protecting oneself from neglect (Davies, 2010). Christy has a history of neglect which makes is possible for her to have some type of attachment disorder. Attachment disorders are normally studied and viewed in young children but could also be used as a coping mechanism in older children and adults.
Christy is unique, what goes on inside her brain and body are distinctive. While it cannot be decided exactly what is going on many ideas can be suggest. Attachment, development, neglect, abuse, and what goes on inside the brain because of those are key to understanding trauma. The knowledge and insight gained from Christy can lead to better understanding in similar
“We aren’t the weeds in the crack of life. We’re the strong, amazing flowers that found a way to grow in the challenging conditions.” (McElvaney, 1057) The book entitled “Spirit Unbroken: Abby’s Story,” offers a perspective on child abuse providing a positive outlook on a tragic situation. Even in the best of circumstances, however, victims of abuse can see the effects of the trauma for the rest of their life. For each individual person affected by this form of trauma, the reactions can vary. The same type of abuse in two different people can have very different outcomes – one could be that of coping, and the other a life of brokenness. Especially at impressionable ages, any form of abuse can be a hindrance in living a normal life. Children
Forming attachments in life is something that is beneficial for us all. However, there are many in the world that have grown up without being able to form attachments with others properly. Children in foster homes have harder times forming attachments. This is partly because they are in and out of foster care homes, or they may get close to another child in the home and that child leaves. No matter the reason, they do not have the best attachment history. According to the DSM-IV, reactive attachment disorder is defined as result of social neglect or other situations that limit a young child’s opportunity to form selective attachments. (DSM IV). Attachment is formed in the beginning stages of life to a child. When the child does not have a
...o grow up in home where there is neglect, abuse and trauma often miss out on a normal development with attachment and trust. Without that attachment and trust, neglected children are at risk and vulnerable to suffer consequences and risk physically, emotionally, psychologically, educationally, interpersonally that can have a damaging effect on the child’s life and development and can develop into PTSD. However, under certain circumstances, given an opportunity to attach to healthy adults in a positive way, children can overcome even brutal childhoods and injuries. Lastly, it shows how an adult or parent who is willing to attach, trust, help and work with a child, can radically change the course of that child’s life by acting as an advisor, detecting and solving problems, and being there even in the middle of conflict and eventually helping the child succeed in life.
Admittedly, many psychologists define attachment as an enduring, affectionate bond that one person forms between himself and another person throughout life. Mary Ainsworth provided the most famous research: strange situation, offering explanations of individual differences in attachment. However, in this Adult Attachment Style questionnaire that I took, I found many factors relevant to attachment as defined in the textbook. For example, in the textbook, it defines attachment based on Ainsworth research, the strange situation by observing attachment forms between mother and infants. They are described in four attachment styles: securely attached, insecure avoidant, insecure resistant, and insecure disorganized.
Mary Main was Ainssowrth student. She therefore introduced another fourth category of attachment styles with her attachment studies with adults. During her longitudinal research project alongside her colleague Goldwyn on middle class children’s attachment styles, they found that about 79% of the time attachment styles remained constant from 18 months to 6 years of age (in Brandell & Ringel, 2007,). However in their observations about 5%) that did not fit into Ainsworth’s classification of attachment styles, which they called ‘disorganized/disoriented attachment’ (Main & Solomon, 1986, 1990). These children were fearful and engaged in repetitive or aggressive behaviors. Their behaviors at reunion were unpredictable. They displayed contradictory behavior patterns such as approaching and then suddenly avoiding or exhibiting misdirected behavior patterns such as crying when the stranger leaves or stereotypical behaviors such as rocking, hair pulling or freezing. The mothers of these children were either depressed or had unresolved grief due to early loss of own parents (Main & Solomon, 1986). In this type of attachment, there is no or very little organized strategy to cope with stress and to form an attachment relationship with the caregiver, because here, the attachment figure is the direct cause of distress or fear. An abusive, abandoned and frightening caregiver is the source of fear and the protector at the same time. The infant shows signs of distress and displays avoidant and inconsistent reactions in the presence of the caregiver (Bakermans-Kranenburg & van IJzendoorn, 2007; Stams et al, 2002).
In the essay "Overcoming Abuse - My Story", Shawna Platt talks about her childhood with her alcoholic parents and her struggles. She has experienced neglect, domestic, emotional and sexual abuse. She also talks about how she overcame all the abuse, the way the abuse effected her mental health, and how she broke the cycle with her children. While reading this essay, the one incident stood out the most was that her parents left Shawna alone with her newborn sister. At the time, Shawna was only ten years old.
Attachment is described as the close emotional bond between two people and Attachment Theory (AT) generally concentrates on the early bonds in a person’s development as well as the effects that these bonds have on later socio-emotional development. While emphasis on attachment as an antecedent for future behavior and personality has decreased somewhat in recent years, it is interesting to note that the DSM IV-TR includes a “reactive attachment disorder” which it states is caused when extreme circumstances prevent proper attachment development.
Hazan, C., Gur-Yaish, N., & Campa, M. (2003). What does it mean to be attached? In W. S. Rholes & J. A. Simpson (Eds.) Adult Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Implications, (pp. 55 – 85). New York: Guilford.
Adult development is crucial to the success of an individual and their quality of life. But there are many factors that can delay a person from reaching certain milestones. When accessing a person who has experienced child abuse, these delays become prominent. Because individuals have to suffer trauma during childhood development, these events can cause lifelong issues. One of the major issues that develop is that of mental health disorders. These disorders ultimately have both lasting results and can correlate to other major issues. From the beginning, because of the lack of establishing healthy emotional bonds with adults, it can often cause mental health disorders. These mental health and attachment disorders can continue to affect the developmental process in adulthood in the areas of maintaining maintaining healthy relationships. Gainful
Psychologist, Mary Ainsworth expanded upon Bowlby's original work. She conducted a study labelled the ‘Strange Situation’. In the study, based upon the children’s reactions, Ainsworth described three major styles of attachment: secure attachment, ambivalent-insecure attachment, and avoidant-insecure attachment. Work by Stroufe and Waters in 1977, further supported Ainsworth's attachment styles and have indicated that attachment styles also have an impact on behaviours later in life (Birns, 1999, p. 13). Researchers have found strengths in attachment patterns established early in life can lead to a number of outcomes. For example, children who are securely attached as infants tend to develop stronger self-esteem and better self-reliance as they grow older. These children also tend to be more independent, perform better in school, have successful social relationships, and experience less depression and anxiety (Birns, 1999, p. 13).
Historically, reactive attachment disorder (RAD) is considered to be a rare disorder (American Academy of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), 2011). Clinical disorders of attachment did not appear in the DSM until the third edition, published in 1980 (Zeanah et al., 2004). In the fourth edition of the DSM (text revision), reactive attachment disorder was described from two different perspectives: inhibited form and disinhibited form. It was suggested that the different forms of...
“Fear and anxiety may persist for years after the original abuse…. a decrease in self-esteem may be associated with the experience of oneself as helpless or vulnerable” (Module 2:Components of the Domestic and Family Systems Model n.d). Joan had low self-esteem and showed many emotional responses such as guilt, anger, and shame. Joan’s psychological responses from her father's abuse weigh heavily on her mind as we see this from the flashbacks of her childhood, which would coincide with her cognitive response pattern. Interpersonal response pattern may explain why she slept with Michael because she may have had difficulty in interpersonal
This pattern is also referred to as ambivalent attachment pattern. This pattern of attachment can be observed by the use of two parameters. One of the parameters is the child exploring ability and will. In this attachment pattern, the child does not explore much even when the caregiver is around the child. The other parameter is the behaviour of the child towards strangers. The child extremely gets worried in the presence of strangers and becomes highly distressed compared to a child with secure attachment. Resistant attachment in a child develops because of lack predictable response by the caregiver and is always seen as a strategic pattern for a child to maintain the availability of the caregiver through the display of helplessness and anger by a child. When a child displays anxious attachment patterns, it is an indication that the child has experienced an abusive childhood experience from the caregiver. Research has indicated that children who have anxious-resistance attachment always find it difficult to develop and maintain intimate relationships in their adult lives (Newton,
Evelyn Brampton is a twice married single parent currently facing her second divorce. The first divorce is connected to Timmy’s birth and illness. She was first married to Timmy’s father, but they divorced after two years of marriage. The second divorce stems from Evelyn’s preoccupation with Timmy’s condition which added to other marital problems she was having in her second marriage. Evelyn has another younger
Janoff-Bulman (1992) asserts that trauma develops with exposure to an environment that lacks predictability, benevolence and worth. Twardosz (2010p. 62) research study indicates,” Traumatized children have difficulty with processing tasks, verbal memory, spatial memory,