A GROUP CASE STUDY
History of the Cambodian Riel (KHR)
by
Aclan, Rochelle
Alampay, Christine
Caballero, Aldrin
De Vera, Epifanio
Palomares, Abby
Roxas, Raphael
Siasoco, Nehvin
Sison, Nick
Yatco, Ferdinand
4TE – 1
Submitted to:
Mr. Jackson Tan
Information
The country of Cambodia now known now as the Kingdom of Cambodia was once a country called Khmer Empire. Cambodia is located at portion of the Indochina Peninsula in the Southeast Asia, is also the 69th most populous country in the world reaching 15,184,116 people in July 1, 2014. Cambodia is rich in forestry covering up to 70% percent of their land it is abundant in wild animals but the main resource taken from the forest is firewood. An exploitable amount of Iron can also be found
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The Central government decided to give away the money to the citizens to help it circulate. Mostly rural members of Cambodia use the riel for all purchases the exchange rate was 1 riel is to 1 bag of rice as to the others people urban and tourists, they still make use of the dollar, later on the state controlled all foreign exchange a stable currency was 1 dollar was to 4 riels.
• Currency of Cambodia 1981
Exchange Rate Cambodian Riel (KHR) to Philippine peso
4 riel (KHR) = 1 dollar (USD) = 43.56 peso (PHP)
1 peso (PHP) = 0.0918 riel (KHR)
In the year 1981 after the withdrawal of Vietnam famine and was no longer a serious threat, even wide the lessening of starvation and malnutrition Cambodia still remained a fragile economy. Rice plantation had doubled since last year but it still is tons short to reach sustainability of the country also other rice paddies were damaged by the heavy rains that came mid-year and also a shortage of seed caused by unfavorable weather had hindered the agricultural cycle of the
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The impact of government policies on land registration and concessions transformed relations of production and, with them, the socio-economic and political environment in rural and urban Cambodia.
• Currency of Cambodia 2003
Exchange Rate Cambodian Riel (KHR) to Philippine Peso
3,973.33 riel (KHR) = 1 dollar (USD) = 43.56 peso (PHP)
1 peso (PHP) = 91.21 riel (KHR)
The other main foreign currency earner is tourism. After several years of rapid growth, the tourism sector has slowed in 2003, mainly due to SARS-related fears. The service sector is heavily concentrated in trading activities and catering-related services.
• Currency of Cambodia 2004
Exchange Rate Cambodia (KHR) to Philippine Peso
4016.25 riel (KHR) = 1 Dollar (USD) = 43.56 peso (PHP)
1 Peso (PHP) = 92.200 riel (KHR)
Cambodia joined World Trade Organization (WTO) (October 13, 2014. Thus Increasing the Imports of the country devaluing riel from 3,973.33 to
7 May 2014. <http://www.mekong.net/cambodia/redbook.htm> "The Impact of Pol Pot's Regime 1975-1979". Rhianbell.edublogs.org. 6 August 2012. Web. 8 May 2014.
Ung (2000) mentions that the Cambodian genocide is a product of a perfect agrarian vision that can be built by eliminating Western influence. More specifically, the Angkar perceives peasants and farmers as “model citizens” because many have not left the village and were not subjected to Western influence (Ung 2000:57). Moreover, the Khmer Rouge emphasized the ethnic cleansing of individuals from other races who were not considered “true Khmer” and represented a “source of evil, corruption, [and] poison” (Ung 2000:92). Lastly, the ideology centered on obtaining lost territory was based on a “time when Kampuchea was a large empire with territories” (Ung 2000:78). In essence, Ung successfully demonstrates that multiple causes encouraged the Cambodian
agriculture. A new fast ripening rice was blossoming in Vietnam that was drought resistant led to
Most people in the world have not heard of the genocide going on in Laos today. Most people have not taken notice, read about it or bother to spend more than thirty seconds of their lives learning about it. The world has managed to almost entirely ignore the genocide of the Hmong people in Laos for over 30 years and still allows this crime against humanity to continue. Since the 1970s, the ethnic Hmong people in the Southeast Asian country of Laos have been persecuted by the Laotian government (Malakunas, 2000). This harassment is a direct result of the Hmong’s link to the Central Intelligence Agency in the United States in what has become to be known as the Secret War (Malakunas, 2000). The Laotian government officials directing this massacre have not been detained due to lack of evidence (Sommer P.4).
...rible for all of Cambodia. Things that happened in the Khmer Rouge years are still around today. In Cambodia it is common for when parents grow of old age and are unable to take care of themselves, their children will take care of them. Since so many people were killed in the Khmer Rouge, those of the elderly that lived most likely no longer have children to take care of them. Another lasting effect of the Pol Pot regime, is the fact that Pol Pot killed anyone who was educated. He killed the educated people because he was worried that they would threaten his power. So Cambodia will now be struggling on educating the Cambodian people. Pol. Pot also wiped out a lot of ethnicity in Cambodia. An author at Regional Geography writes "Cambodia is the least ethnically diverse country in Southeast Asia because of Pol Pot." Cambodia is improving more and more day by day.
A policy that has made it possible for the deportation of refugees back to their homeland has already affected 1,400 Cambodians. As a result of the Illegal Immigration and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, non-citizens of the United States who have been convicted of certain crimes are being targeted for deportation. The U.S. Committee for Refugees states that this harsh law has made it easy for the Immigration and Naturalization Service, the U.S. government agency that enforces our immigration laws, to detain and deport legal immigrants who have committed crimes. Since 1996, the INS has been required to detain and deport any immigrant who is convicted of an “aggravated felony,” which includes such crimes as DUI’s, possession of marijuana, minor assaults, shoplifting, joyriding, and even writing a bad check. Any convicted Cambodian may be detained in INS up to 6 months by law. Although they have already served time for these past convictions, Cambodian immigrants still face possible deportation as part of their punishment. ...
Throughout the nation’s 2000-year history, Cambodia, a developing Southeast Asian country located on the Indochina Peninsula, has experienced a number of glories and tragedies; as a matter of fact, it was until 1993 that the democratic election, supported by the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), were conducted to restore peace in Cambodia under a coalition government (CIA World Factbook, 2013). In order to transform from the negative peace which is just the absent of direct violence to the positive peace meaning the absent of cultural and structural violence, Cambodia, the younger member of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), has been trying as hard as possible to address the problem of inequality with the obvious hope that if inequality is not natural, according to Hobbes, but rather constructed, there are probably chances to level down its impacts or even demolish its existence.
The Cambodian Genocide has the historical context of the Vietnam War and the country’s own civil war. During the Vietnam War, leading up to the conflicts that would contribute to the genocide, Cambodia was used as a U.S. battleground for the Vietnam War. Cambodia would become a battle ground for American troops fighting in Vietnam for four years; the war would kill up to 750,00 Cambodians through U.S. efforts to destroy suspected North Vietnamese supply lines. This devastation would take its toll on the Cambodian peoples’ morale and would later help to contribute that conflicts that caused the Cambodian genocide. In the 1970’s the Khmer rouge guerilla movement would form. The leader of the Khmer rouge, Pol Pot was educated in France and believed in Maoist Communism. These communist ideas would become important foundations for the ideas of the genocide, and which groups would be persecuted. The genocide it’s self, would be based on Pol Pot’s ideas to bring Cambodia back to an agrarian society, starting at the year zero. His main goal was to achieve this, romanticized idea of old Cambodia, based on the ancient Cambodian ruins, with all citizens having agrarian farming lives, and being equal to each other. Due to him wanting society to be equal, and agrarian based, the victims would be those that were educated, intellectuals, professionals, and minority ethnic g...
The Khmer Rouge were ruthless monsters that, under Pol Pot, created the Cambodian genocide. They were evil and diabolical. They manipulated the public, Tortured the prisoners, and tried to completely change Cambodia. I will explain to the best of mine and my sources knowledge the dark times of year zero.
The Communist Party of Kampuchea, also known as the Khmer Rouge, took control of Cambodia on April 17, 1975, which lasted until January 1979. For their three-year, eight-month, and twenty-one day rule of Cambodia, the Khmer Rouge committed some of the most heinous crimes in current history. The main leader who orchestrated these crimes was a man named Pol Pot. In 1962, Pol Pot had become the coordinator of the Cambodian Communist Party. The Prince of Cambodia, Norodom Sihanouk, did not approve of the Party and forced Pol Pot to flee to exile in the jungle. There, Pol formed a fortified resistance movement, which became known as the Khmer Rouge, and pursued a guerrilla war against Sihanouk’s government. As Pol Pot began to accumulate power, he ruthlessly imposed an extremist system to restructure Cambodia. Populations of Cambodia's inner-city districts were vacated from their homes and forced to walk into rural areas to work. All intellectuals and educated people were eradicated and together with all un-communist aspects of traditional Cambodian society. The remaining citizens were made to work as laborers in various concentration camps made up of collective farms. On these farms, people would harvest the crops to feed their camps. For every man, woman, and child it was mandatory to labor in the fields for twelve to fifteen hours each day. An estimated two million people, or twenty-one percent of Cambodia's population, lost their lives and many of these victims were brutally executed. Countless more of them died of malnourishment, fatigue, and disease. Ethnic groups such as the Vietnamese, Chinese, and Cham Muslims were attacked, along with twenty other smaller groups. Fifty percent of the estimated 425,000 Chinese living in Cambod...
Cambodia has come a long way from its days under French rule and the disastrous rule of the Khmer Rouge. With 14.9 million people living a relativity peaceful and prosperous life, Cambodia still has a long ways to go to join the ranks of world powers. Education has flourished in Cambodia with most its population attending school and have gone on to even higher education. The main goal is to make sure all of its population is literate so they can be active in life. The government is taking an active role to provide the best for its people whether through reform whether through education or elections. It makes sure to never repeat it’s dark past and always have a bright future.
The currency is stable with respect to inflation, it requires no exchange so there is no loss of value attributable to an exchange rate when transactions cross international borders.
Lao society is rural and subsistence agriculture accounts for half of the GDP and provides 80% of employment. Rice is the primary crop, grown on about 80% of Laos’ arable land. Laos received development aid from the International Monetary Fund, Asia Development Bank and other international sources. Agricultural production and most manufacturing production are mostly conducted by the private se...
Most of the affected war countries around the globe lack adequate store rooms, dependable water for farming, vegetation 's, good roads and proper way of preserving food for the people. Excellent preservation of the agricultural lands, plant and farm animals can bring a positive change in the farming systems. Most of the developing countries support only a little attention to agriculture, but they rather focus mainly on foreign goods that will earn them quick money. Agricultural investment reduces hunger and poverty than any other sectors in many countries. Investing more in the agriculture sector in most of the rural communities will reduce the number of people moving from the countryside to the cities. "The percentage of donor aid going towards agriculture dropped from 17 percent to 3.8 percent between 1980 and 2006, with only slight improvement in numbers over the last three years" (Diouf). There are plenty of fertile lands that supports plants growth but because less attention has been given to the agricultural sector, more than one million people go to bed without food. FAO "estimates that an increase of nearly $36 billion yearly will be needed for poor countries to develop the necessary infrastructure for food production" (Camacho). The agricultural sector needs more attention from the NGO 's, and the government as Buffet is giving out $3 billion to change farming and food. By
Having set the aims, objectives and research questions in the first chapter, this chapter zooms in to review literature available on the subject of land tenure regularization and its effect on housing investment from different parts of the world with specific reference to cities. The emphasis of this chapter is to analyse the link between land tenure regularization and housing investment in informal settlements. Also, the focus is on securing land rights in informal settlements, since it is widely believed that regularization of informal settlement rights leads to (increased) access to formal finance which subsequently encourages housing investment (Chome and McCall, 2005). The chapter starts with contextual definition of key terms, and then followed by global documentation on the impact of tenure regularization in informal settlement, focusing on the experiences of some selected countries. Since the aim of the research is to investigate the effect of land tenure regularization on informal housing investment and that both the Zambian Local Authorities and the government have intention to regularize informal settlements, lessons learnt from the case study countries will be noted, after which the chapter will be concluded in section 2.6 by way of a summary.