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Competition in the pharmaceutical industry
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INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY.
The Pharmaceutical Industry’s motive is to produce medication that prevents infections, maintain health, and cure diseases. This business directly affects the world population, therefore a variety of international regulative bodies monitor things like drug safety, patents, quality, and
Valuation. The pharmaceutical business has created an excellent deal of progress over the last decade as a result of a research-oriented approach that has improved technologies, developed infrastructures, and magnified analysis within the field of life science.
The pharmaceutical business is of interest to the sector of law and economic science for 2 connected reasons:
The business is heavily regulated on major functions.
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1) The natural purpose and drive of the pharmaceutical trade are to extend sales of pharmaceutical medicine for current diseases and to search out new diseases to promote existing medicine.
2) By this terrible nature, the pharmaceutical trade has no interest in natural process diseases. The destruction of any sickness is unavoidable to destroy a multi-billion dollar market of pharmaceuticals as a supply of revenues.
3) If destruction therapies for diseases square measure discovered and developed, the pharmaceutical trade has associate inherent interest to suppress, discredit and impede these medical breakthroughs so as to create positive that diseases continue because of the terrible basis for a moneymaking prescription medicine market.
4)The economic interest of the pharmaceutical trade itself is that the main reason why no medical breakthrough has been created for the management of the foremost common diseases like disorder, high-pressure level, heart disease, diabetes, cancer.
COMPETITION WITHIN THE PHARMACEUTICAL
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The workshop targeted on the potential competition law implications of bound methods and practices utilized by pharmaceutical companies which will have the impact of decreasing competition between branded and generic prescribed drugs.
GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS.
Government regulation lengthens the method for transfer new medication prescribed drugs to promote and restricts the drugs sector to safeguard public safety. Governments produce incentives for specific behaviors and encourage the event of safe and effective medication. Pharmaceutical firm’s square measures heavily regulated to confirm they're in compliance with federal safety laws. Within the U.S the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ensures that new medication square measure strictly tested for safety, effectiveness and lowest aspect effects.
Most new medication square measure researched and investigated for ten to fifteen years before they're dropped at a market.Overall, government regulation of the drug sector has resulted in an exceedingly longer, more-expensive development method that favors treatments for rare diseases. All approved medication is strictly tested by the bureau to safeguard customers from harmful or ineffective treatments.
PRICING
In Melody Peterson’s “Our Daily Meds” , the history of marketing and advertising in the pharmaceutical industry is explored. The first chapter of the book, entitled “Creating disease”, focuses on how major pharmaceutical companies successfully create new ailments that members of the public believe exist. According to Peterson, the success that these drug manufacturers have experienced can be attributed to the malleability of disease, the use of influencial people to promote new drugs, the marketing behind pills, and the use of media outlets.
Doctor Tristram Engelhardt, an American philosopher, argues that the importance of these profits is to acquire resources and to productively make new discoveries. These profits will secure recourses for these companies and that with the extra money, these pharmaceutical companies can be more innovative. With these profits, more effort will be put in to decreasing morbidity and mortality risks. According to Engelhardt, if these companies decrease profits, the amount of resources and energies available to be innovative will also decrease, leading to more risks. However, Stan Frinkelstein and Peter Temin states that we can eliminate the link between drug prices and drug discovery by developing the Drug Development Corporation, that will solve this problem, as mention in the last
"In the past two decades or so, health care has been commercialized as never before, and professionalism in medicine seems to be giving way to entrepreneurialism," commented Arnold S. Relman, professor of medicine and social medicine at Harvard Medical School (Wekesser 66). This statement may have a great deal of bearing on reality. The tangled knot of insurers, physicians, drug companies, and hospitals that we call our health system are not as unselfish and focused on the patients' needs as people would like to think. Pharmaceutical companies are particularly ruthless, many of them spending millions of dollars per year to convince doctors to prescribe their drugs and to convince consumers that their specific brand of drug is needed in order to cure their ailments. For instance, they may present symptoms that are perfectly harmless, and lead potential citizens to believe that, because of these symptoms, they are "sick" and in need of medication. In some instances, the pharmaceutical industry in the United States misleads both the public and medical professionals by participating in acts of both deceptive marketing practices and bribery, and therefore does not act within the best interests of the consumers.
Why do consumers purchase specific drugs for various ailments, sicknesses or diseases they might have? Why do physicians prescribe certain drugs over competitive drugs that may be available to the public? Why is it that most of us can easily name specific drugs that fit the many ailments of today’s society? On the surface the answer might be as simple as good TV advertising or radio commercials or even internet adds. The truth of matter is the major pharmaceutical manufacturers own the patents on these drugs and this gives them all of the marketing budget and muscle they need to promote the drug and control the pricing. The incentives for larger pharmaceutical companies are very enticing and as a result, they don’t mind spending the time in clinical trials and patent courts to get their drugs approved. Some will even get patents on the process by which the drug is manufactured, ensuring that no competitor can steal the drug or the process. This protects their large financial investment and nearly guarantees a large return for their investors. Many consumer rights groups claim this is nothing more than legalizing monopolies for the biggest manufacturers.
strict or they can take too long to approve a drug. But I think for the most part, the FDA is really
3Walker, Hugh: Market Power and Price levels in the Ethical Drug Industry; Indiana University Press, 1971, P 25.
Threat of new entrants is relatively high. Companies forming alliances are potential rivals. Even if earlier such company was not considered to be a threat, after merging with some research and development company or forming alliance with another pharmaceutical company it would become a rival to Eli Lilly. The threat is however weakened by significant research and development costs necessary to successfully enter the business. Eli Lilly’s focus on a relatively narrow market of sedatives and antidepressants weakens the threat of new entrants, but other products that form lesser part of company’s sales such as insulin and others are exposed to high threat of new entrants. The need of obtaining certificates and licenses also weakens the threat of new entrants. Discussed above leads to the conclusion that threat of new entrants is medium.
The largest issue is that pharmaceutical companies have a “blank check” from consumers, and for this to change an outside force must
This fact validates the incentive pharmaceutical companies have to get a patent and acquire more power. Pfizer encourages R&D because of the incentives and a desire to obtain patents to receive more profit. Pfizer has to promote itself to be successful, creating a brand image that consumers will trust. If the company can advertise successfully, more consumers will purchase their products. Pfizer must also be generating products efficiently in order to save and use existing resources, while manufacturing their products at low costs to stay competitive....
both the benefit and risk of all medication before approval.. In addition, FDA makes the labeling
10. Collis, David, and Troy Smith. "Strategy in the Twenty-First Century Pharmaceutical Industry:Merck&Co. and Pfizer Inc." Harvard Business School, 2007: 8-12.
The ethics surrounding the Pharmaceutical Industry in the United States and around the world have long been debated by not only healthcare professional, but the general public as well. Due to their high revenues rates and constant legal battles with the government and consumers, new regulations are constantly being developed. For example, in 2009, new voluntary regulations were put out by The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America in order to establish guidelines regarding the relationship between physicians and drug representatives in an attempt to improve patient care as a whole. As stated in the new code, “Interactions should be focused
Of all the booming businesses in recent history the pharmaceutical industry makes the largest profits of any industry; making approximately three times more than the average fortune 500 company (Silverstein). At the forefront of the drug industries rise is the United States. The United States accounts for nearly half of the world’s pharmaceutical market, and the benefits are evident. The United States is seeing record high life expectancy along with an all time low death rate (“Life Expectancy at All Time High”). Countless lives have been bettered and saved because of the pharmaceutical industry and the medical advances made within. However, people must remember that the pharmaceutical industry is as much a business as anything. Like any business they are looking to profit and the best interest of the consumer is not always the top priority. Despite the opposition of eager clients, the pharmaceutical industry is in need of reform and more government regulation.
The advancement of pharmaceutical industry have led to the production of many effective medications that improves the quality of life of many patients when prescribed appropriately. However, these medications can create serious consequences to the health of users and lead to dependence when used inappropriately. Therefore, drug controls and the creation of prescription drug policy have been established to ensure the health of growing population around the world. It goes back to when medicine was still a novel aspect to the industry of medicine, where there were limited knowledge on the effects of certain drugs. Deaths and injuries due to misunderstanding of the use of different drugs had led to many law passing including the creation of prescription
...ents expiring as drugs become available at cheaper costs and therefore more people can gain access to these drugs, including 3rd world countries. It is clear to see that there are many pros and cons to patents in the pharmaceutical industry. The system that is in motion at present between the big pharmaceutical companies, the generics industry and the WHO seems to be working efficiently. Some may complain that the pharmaceutical companies are creating too big a monopoly and are greedy but without them discovery of new medicines wouldn’t happen. Patents have thus far ensured that inventors and researchers reap economic rewards for their work and new treatments and new medicines are made available on a regular basis. Essentially without patents there would be no innovation and discovery of new medicines. And without that we would be no better off than we are now.