You are taking care of a 65-year-old patient who has recently been diagnosed with interstitial lung disease. He has never smoked in the past. He reports that he may have had some exposure to pollution in his prior occupation as a building inspector. His pulmonary function tests are consistent with restrictive airway disease versus obstructive disease. Describe the typical signs and symptoms of a patient with restrictive airway disease and how it differs from patients with obstructive airway disease. List the common causes of restrictive airway disease. Also mention how the diagnosis is typically made. What is interstitial lung disease? Diffuse interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a diversified set of disorders of the lungs that produce similar fibrotic and inflammatory mutations of the interstitium and iteralveolar septa of the lungs (Grossman and Porth, 2014). According to Grossman and Porth, ILDs result in changes that cause the lungs to become stiff and noncompliant and are more commonly referred to as restrictive lung disorders. IDLs effect the collagen and connective tissues within the interstitium and alveolar walls. According to Grossman and Porth state IDLs involve the airways, arteries, and veins as well. What causes interstitial lung disease? According to Grossman and Porth, ILDs are cause by taking in inorganic dusts such as silica, coal dust, and asbestos through inhalation. ILDs can also be cause by the inhalation of talc, grain dusts from farms, toxic drugs, hypersensitivity pneumoconiosis, granulomatous disorders, and bird proteins (WebMD, n.d.). According to Grossman and Porth IDLs can have an acute or insidious onset and may progress at varied rates. ILDs are caused by occupational and environmental inhalants, d... ... middle of paper ... ... airways become narrow as a result of inflammation and swelling. In restrictive disorders, the collagen and connective tissues which make the lungs stiff and noncompliant to expansion. Works Cited Conrad Stoppler, M. (2013). Interstitial lung diseases. Retrieved May 7, 2014, from http://www.onhealth.com/interstitial_lung_disease/page3.htm Grossman, S. C., & Porth, C. M. (2014). Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of altered health states (9th ed.). Retrieved from https://digitalbookshelf.southuniversity.edu/#/books/9781469871639/pages/107746227 Interstitial Lung Disease . (n.d.). Retrieved May 7, 2014, from http://www.webmd.com/lung/interstitial-lung-disease Mayo Clinic Staff. (2011). Diseases and conditions: Interstitial lung disease. Retrieved May 7, 2014, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/interstitial-lung-disease/basics/definition/CON-20024481
Mrs. Jones has a history of COPD. She was already taking albuterol for her illness and it was ineffective when she took it that day. Mrs. Jones had been a smoker but had quit several years ago. According to Chojnowski (2003), smoking is a major causative factor in the development of COPD. Mrs. Jones's primary provider stated that she had a mixed type of COPD. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) was established to address the growing problem of COPD. The GOLD standards identify three conditions that contribute to the structural changes found in COPD: Chronic bronchiolitis, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. A mixed diagnosis means that the patient has a combination of these conditions (D., Chojnowski, 2003). Mrs. Jones chronically displayed the characteristic symptoms of COPD. "The characteristic symptoms are cough, sputum production, dyspnea on exertion, and decreased exercise tolerance." (D., Chojnowski, 2003, p. 27).
As mentioned above, emphysema affects the alveoli. When you develop emphysema the symptoms may go unnoticed for many years. With emphysema, your alveoli lose their elasticity and that makes it harder for the body to dispel the carbon dioxide. Also, the alveoli will eventually rupture and develop into one larger air sac. (Mayo Clinic)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD is a group of progressive lung diseases that block airflow and make it hard to breathe. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the most common types of COPD (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2016, p 557). Primary symptoms include coughing, mucus, chest pain, shortness of breath, and wheezing (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2016, p.557). COPD develops slowly and worsens over time if not treated during early stages. The disease has no cure, but medication and disease management can slow its progress and make one feel better (NIH, 2013)
When horrific crimes occur in large cities, many of them can be chalked up to gang violence or to the larger population of that specific city. But when horrific crimes happen in small cities like Lincoln, Nebraska, people begin to ask questions like who did this and why. In 1958, a nineteen year old man named Charles Starkweather put the entire state of Nebraska and possibly the entire nation in a state of terror. With his murder spree taking only three days, Starkweather had collected a body count of ten bodies, including two teenagers and a young child. Understanding Starkweather’s past and state of mind begins to answer the second question of why.
Emphysema’s target is the lungs. The inflammation caused by emphysema damages the alveoli, or air sacs. Over time, the air sacs lose their elasticity, no longer able to expand and detract like your favorite Thanksgiving elastic waist band pants. After so many Thanksgiving dinners, the elastic fibers break, and fai...
Haas, D. F. (1990). The Chronic Bronchitis And EMPHYSEMA. New York,NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
One of the common diseases in the respiratory system that many people around the world face is emphysema or also known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is a chronic lung condition where the alveoli or air sacs may be damaged or enlarged resulting in short of breath (Mayo Clinic, 2011). If emphysema is left untreated, it will worsen causing the sphere shaped air sacs to come together making holes and reduce the surface area of the lungs and the amount of oxygen that travels through the bloodstream, blocking the airways of the lungs (Karriem- Norwood, 2012). The most common ways a patient can get emphysema are by cigarette smoking or being exposed to chemicals, dust or air pollutants for a long period of time. Common physical exams reveal a temperature of 100.8 Fahrenheit, 104 beats per minute, a blood pressure of 146/92, and a respiratory rate of 36 breaths per min (Karriem- Norwood, 2012). (see appendix A.1,A.2, A.3, A.4 for complete proof.)
Air then travels to the bronchioles which are narrow (bronchoconstriction) due to the natural defence in keeping irritants out of the airway, causing wheezing breath sounds.(Eldridge, 2016) The air then proceeds to the alveoli, which are weakened and damaged air sacs due to the progression of the disease, that are unable to efficiently move O2 into the blood stream and gas exchange CO2 to be expelled through exhale, causing hypoxemia, lethargy, dyspnoea and high CO2 reading. (“Lung conditions - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),”
Porth, C. (2009). Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
Person, A. & Mintz, M., (2006), Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory Tract, Disorders of the Respiratory Tract, pp. 11-17, New Jersey: Human Press Inc.
Parker, Steve. "Chronic Pulmonary Diseases." The Human Body Book. New ed. New York: DK Pub., 2007.
The clinical manifestation one may see in patients with chronic bronchitis are chronic cough, weight loss, excessive sputum, and dyspnea. Chronic cough is from the body trying to expel the excessive mucus build up to return breathing back to normal. Dyspnea is from the thickening of the bronchial walls causing constriction, thereby altering the breathing pattern. This causes the body to use other surrounding muscles to help with breathing which can be exhausting. These patients ca...
This case study is intended to analyze the movie When a Man Loves a Woman, and to provide worst and best case scenarios for treatment. This film depicts a family that is struggling with a family member’s alcoholic dependency. The mother, Alice Green, is a school counselor who has an addiction to alcohol that is causing her to experience problems in her life as a result of her use. Her husband, Michael Green, is an airline pilot that is very protective Alice and often steps in and takes over for Alice, even in her role as a mother. Alice has two children, Jess and Casey, which also bear witness to their mother’s deterioration from alcohol addiction.
Porth, C. (2009). Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
Uhland, Vicky. “The Picture of Health.” Momentum 6.3 (2013): 42-45. Academic Search Premier. Web. 20 Mar. 2014.