Carbon is ubiquitous: we wear it, write with it, and 18.5% of our body is composed of it. By mass, carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe. Carbon is the element marked with the symbol C and the atomic number six. Carbon is nonmetallic; although, it is sometimes considered a metalloid. Carbon is composed of six electrons and four valence electrons. I chose carbon because of its many useful allotropes of which the three most well known are diamond, graphite, and graphene. Depending on the allotropic form, the physical properties of carbon vary, for example, the diamond is transparent and graphite is black and opaque. I also chose carbon because it has untapped potential to benefit our lives and its many uses continue to …show more content…
Graphene has many inherent properties that make it a valuable allotrope of carbon. Graphene is very well suited for conducting electricity and heat and is 1,000 times more conductive than copper. Graphene is also 100 times stronger than steel and yet extremely lightweight. A 1m2 sheet of graphene weighing less than .8mg could theoretically hold over 4kg. Currently, graphene is used for experimental purposes only; although, the properties of graphene have led to the proposal of many potential applications. The high conductivity of graphene makes it useful for use in batteries and has enabled IBM to use it to make the smallest ever transistor that is only one atom thick and 10 atoms wide. Graphene's high conductivity and transparency make it ideal for solar cells liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and light emitting diodes (LEDs). Graphene could also be used to make ultra strong touch screen displays. Distillation methods for liquids and gasses could be improved with the use of graphene because a graphene membrane has the unique ability to only allow water vapors to pass through while remaining sealed form any other liquids or gasses. Graphene's high thermal conductivity makes it ideal for heat management within computers and as a coolant additive. One report claims that by making a liquid coolant mixture just 5% graphene the thermal conductivity of the fluid would increase by 86%. Additionally, graphene has also been researched for use medically for cancer treatment and drug
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is a colorless gas, which was first discovered in 1577 by Van Helmont who detected it in the products of both fermentation and charcoal burning. CO2 is used in solid, liquid, and gas forms in a variety of industrial processes. These include: beverage carbonation, dry ice, welding and chemicals manufacturing. It is produced by the combustion of all carbonaceous fuels and can be recovered in an abundance of ways. It is widely used today as a by-product of synthetic ammonia production, fermentation, and from flue gases by absorption process. CO2 is also a product of animal metabolism and is important in the life cycles of plants and animals. It is present in the atmosphere only in small quantities (.03% by vol.)
Carbon is one of the 115 chemical elements discovered on Earth which is part of the nonmetals group with other elements such as nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen. Carbon as an element has good stability, it is very light, very stable, and has many types of forms such as graphite, and coal. Carbon fiber is just another form of carbon, basically has filaments between five to ten micrometers in diameter of pure carbon or at least 90% of carbon. Thousand carbon fibers are twisted together to form a long chain, which can then be used in a variety of raw forms, including yarns, weaves, and braids, which are in turn mixed with synthetic resins to create the carbon fiber as a composite material. Based on different characteristics carbon fibers can be divided into three principals groups: according to carbon fiber tensile modulus, according to precursor fiber materials, and according to final heat
The raw Carbon Nanotubes recovered from this process can be directly incorporated in composites or rubber tires which increases the tensile strength and that is a direct application (NAIR & (IN), 2012)
So why can we see the color of carbon stars, but not that of most other celestial objects? Because their light is both bright and concentrated into a point rather than being spread out like nebulae and galaxies. Aim binoculars or a small telescope at a carbon star and you’ll see its color even more prominently. That’s because the scope will gather much more light than your eye and will help stimulate your color receptors.
Graphene oxide is an amorphous with an sp2 hybridised carbon (graphene) base littered with oxygen groups a C/O ratio of between 1.6 and 4 and a sheet thickness of 1 nm (from AFM) (Dreyer et al., 2010). The oxygen groups disrupt the sp2 base and then forming sp3 sites distorting graphene oxide in a corrugated fashion with a surface roughness of approximately 0.6nm (Dreyer et
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a key global warming gas that is proposed to have direct linkage to global climate changes [1, 2]. Therefore, there is a growing interest in developing technologies for efficient capture and sequestration of large quantities of CO2. An efficient and economical capture material is needed to capture and separate the CO2 produced during various industrial processes. There are four potential sources of carbon dioxide emission; industrial processes, fossil fueled power plants, de-carbonization (production of hydrogen from carbon rich feed stock), and transportation [3]. Among the carbon dioxide emission sources, fossil fueled power plants are ranked the number one potential source. Fossil fuels provide 81 percent of the world’s commercial energy supply [4]. Consumption of fossil fuels produces nearly 30 Pg (petagram) of carbon dioxide annually. About three-fourths of the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide is attributed to burning of fossil fuels [5].
In industrial field, synthetic diamond are very useful in the production of laser optics. Other than thermal and chemical stability, synthetic diamond also has an unique combination of low thermal expansion and high optical transparency in a wide spectral range. An optimum exit windows for CO2 lasers are provided by synthetic diamond that make it as an ideal ‘window’ material for several industrial, R&D, defence and laser applications. Moreover, synthetic diamond is also widely used in automotive cutting applications. Among any known material, extending from ultraviolet to far infrared and the millimeter-wave microwave band, synthetic diamond has the widest spectral band. At the core of high power CO2 lasers, disk lasers and solid state lasers, Element Six single crystal synthetic diamond and polycrystalline CVD diamond solutions are found. This enable a stable and enduring high optical quality of the laser beam. Therefore, synthetic diamond has becoming the most trending material for optical windows in high-power CO2 lasers and
brief overview on the structure and some properties of graphene, along with a presentation of graphene synthesis method and various applications.
Carbon is one of the basic elements of matter (Bush 1230-1231). The name carbon comes from the Latin word "carbo" meaning charcoal.Carbon is the sixth most abundant element (Gangson). More than 1,000,000 compounds are made from carbon(Carbon (C)). "The Element Carbon is defined as a naturally abundant non-metallic element that occurs in many inorganic and in all organic compounds, exists freely as graphite and diamond and as a constituent of coal, limestone, and petroleum, and is capable of chemical self-bonding to form an enormous number of chemically, biologically, and commercially important molecules." Carbon is used in diamonds, petroleum oil, radiocarbon dating, smoke detectors, kerosine, gasoline, carbon fiber. (Alcin).
The value of diamonds lies on their physical properties that make them suitable for many applications. Natural diamonds are only of high value if they are scarce in nature. Realizing this, De Beers Consolidated Mines was formed to control the supply of diamonds from mines across the world. The diamond market is influenced by mine production, rough diamond distribution, preparation/cutting, and retail markets. The project will be concentrating on the retail markets for diamonds and other high end jewelry.
Jewelry, such as rings or necklaces have diamonds because they have great durability. They are very hard so they are useful for cutting, grinding, or drill other materials. They are on many cutting blades or drills on the tips and blades to make a strong cutting edge. They are used to make tools stronger al last longer and make many people wear very beautiful jewlery.
A Diamond is one of the two natural minerals that are produced from carbon. The other mineral is Graphite. Even though both of these minerals are produced from the same element ,carbon, they have totally different characteristics. One of the most obvious difference is that Diamond is hard and Graphite is soft. The Diamond is considered to be the most hardest substance found in nature. It scores a perfect ten in hardness. Because of its hardness a tiny Diamond is used as a cutting and drilling tool in industry. Even the Greeks called the Diamond “adamas” which means unconquerable. Diamonds also conducts heat better than any other mineral .
Graphene is a single thin strongly packed layer of pure carbon atoms that are joined together in a hexagonal honeycomb matrix. In more comprehensive expression, it is a carbon allotrope arranged in a flat sp2 bonded atoms with a very small molecule bond length (0.142 nm). Graphite is formed by the arrangement of graphene layers on top of each other, with tiny inter planar gaps (0.335 nm) (Cohen-Tanugi and Grossman, 2012).
Diamond - diamond is its own kind of gemstone, and is quite known for being the hardest naturally occurring. Diamonds are largely high-carbon crystals that were fused under maximum of pressure and temperature. Diamonds themselves are not specifically rare, with thousands being mined all over the world every year; though, huge diamonds of high quality are extremely scarce, and it is these which are well known for feature the standards of diamond as the world's most precious gemstone.
Carbon is important because you are a carbon-based life form and you need it to survive. Carbon sources include fossil fuel combustion, the decay of dead animals and volcanoes. Animals and humans also release carbon dioxide into the air when they breathe. Through a process called photosynthesis, plants extract carbon dioxide from the air and use it to produce energy. They also release oxygen during this process. When people and animals eat the plants, they ingest carbon and produce the energy they need to live. When they die, their bodies decompose, causing carbon to go back into the air as this endless cycle repeats itself. Lee,2017