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capital punishment through the years
racism during slavery
capital punishment through the years
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Capital Punishment of the Innocent Edward Earl Johnson Edward Earl Johnson was put in death row when he was eighteen. A documentary was made when he was twenty-six, called “fourteen days in May.” Edward claimed all along that he was innocent yet he was still executed. The documentary showed he had lived for eight years at the Parchment state penitentiary, Mississippi (death row.) Edward was put to death row for the attempted rape of an elderly white woman and the murder of a white Marshall. The documentary tried to show his innocence, the process of this is what this essay will be about. The opening scenes from the documentary showed the Parchment State Penitentiary. You saw a large building inside of barbwire (sharp enough to have sliced you to bits). Inside of the building were hundreds of doors separated by metal doors. When you saw the prisoners cells, all of the prisoners were all standing with there hands reached out by which the camera tried to emphasise the point of “slavery.” You saw shots of the gas chamber, inside sat the chair Edward died in, with the belts that strapped him in. It showed most of the staff treating the prisoners like slaves, you see them working in lines digging in the fields with the staff watching over them on their horses with their whips. This just showed how little things have changed since slavery. A pep talk that the superintendent gave to workers about “off colour remarks” proves that there was racism at the Parchment Sate Penitentiary. The documentary showed many of the interviews. The interview with Edward was long and detailed (behind bars, as was most of the interviews with him) so he could give his side of the story: Edward said that eight years ago when he was first taken to t... ... middle of paper ... ...ade. At the end of the sequel, Samual Johnson says “I still try to love and care.” and “Hate perpetinates hate!” The only appeal was hope. Both of these documentaries carried out the message: “Innocent people can die.” The statistic that came up on the screen many times:- You are four times as likely to get the death sentence if you are a black who killed a white as a white man who is convicted of the same crime. If you were rich, you were more likely to get let off the death sentence more than a poor person was. From the documentaries you could see that death row is a cruel place which is torture alone and not only does the prisoner suffer for the time he/she is in there but so does their family and friends who are behind them. It must be hard on the prison staffs who become close to them, at the end of their sentence they have to kill him/her.
Gaines’ novel is centered on a massive injustice, which is a young man who is falsely convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to death by electrocution. When Jefferson was brought into a trial for the murders of the three white men in the bar, most of the jury quickly assumed that he was guilty due to his skin color, because, at that time, the assumption of innocence does not
Morris opens the film by juxtaposing the narratives by the participants in the interviews in order to show Adams’ innocent and Harris’ guilt. The beginning of the film introduces two people that one was believably wrongly convicted and the other was suspiciously a real murderer. Adams who was criminally convicted is interviewed with a white shirt. He narrates his life all the way from Ohio to end up getting a job in Dallas. By showing Adams on the white shirt, Morris tells us Adams’ innocence and proposes our...
The purpose of this paper is to examine life on death row. The information obtained in order to write this paper came from one article. In reading the article it is very clear to see the obvious one-sided bias of the author, who is apparently adamantly against the current status of death rows across the United States of America. Unfortunately, no research could be found to illustrate other views or opinions of life on death row. The author of this article used many opinions, first hand accounts and experiences of prisoners living on death row to illustrate his/her ideas. However, there is an obvious bias of those currently living on death row against their living conditions and treatment. It can be assumed that few people would want to be somewhere or enjoy being somewhere when they knew that they would eventually be executed. It is can also be assumed that very few people would find awaiting executing a happy or fulfilling experience. It is interesting to note that while searching the Internet for information on the death penalty an abundance of web sites were found that belonged to prisoners on death row. All of whom claimed that they were wrongly accused, framed for, and innocent of the crimes that they were convicted of committing.
This term paper is on one of the most controversy discussion known as Capital Punishment. This is a topic in which the writer believes does not have a positive effect on decreasing crime in the world. For almost three years now, the writer has grown a passion for criminal behavior in some of the notoriety of a few crime cases that resulted in Capital Punishment and Wrongful Executions. One of my personal favorite crime cases in history is the Scottsboro Boys. This case represents an incident where five innocent African American men nearly faced execution after being accused and convicted of raping two white females on the back of a train back in 1931. This case is one of many reasons I am against capital punishment because it can lead to wrongful deaths of innocent men and women without justified evidences and witnesses. The writer is also
The author omits critical information about many factors, which could explain the higher rate of severe sentences for African Americans than White Americans other than racial injustice. The article, “Possibility of Death Sentence Has Divergent Effect on Verdicts for Black and White Defendants” by Jack Glaser, et al. provides an excellent analysis of the racial disparities that Cholbi mentions. Glaser provides clear evidence of how factors such as sentence severity and jury selection can influence sentencing. The authors also discuss how African Americans are though of when discussing crime and how African Americans are considered like apes. However the article discusses how these assumptions comply with African-American behavior; “There is also evidence that in the context of criminality, there is a relatively strong association between Black men and apes. It follows that insofar as Black people may be viewed as being less worthy of humane (or even human) treatment, concerns over punishment severity (even death) would be less consequential” (Glaser et al. 541). The authors stimulate an experiment through mock jurors and found no concrete evidence to suggest banning capital punishment due to racial discrimination. Therefore Glaser et al. does a superior argument when compared to
In movies and television shows, jail is illustrated as a place where men and women go to get a reality check, to lift weights and come back as a new person; physically and mentally. Nonetheless, death row is nothing like the image that jail puts off. Living on death row is like purely living on a routine that consists of eating and sleeping. For roughly twenty-three hours a day, inmates are locked tight in their cells. Many of them read, write, and even do arts and crafts. Inmates can also receive psychological services and counseling, more times than
In many cases, bias piles up resulting in an unfavorable situation for African-American defendants. According to research done by Richard Dieter for “The Death Penalty in Black and White: Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Decides” compared to all other eligible defendants, African-Americans have a 40% higher rate of being sentenced to death. One main cause, Dieter concluded, was that almost all prosecutors who make the decision whether or not to give the death penalty are white, in fact 98% are white, which is a factor in the racial imbalance in the practice of the death penalty. Another element in the racial disparity regarding capital punishment, is that prosecutors fail to treat the family of the victims depending on race equally. While often times prosecutors reach out to white families about whether or not the death penalty should be pursued but failed to do the same for the families of an African-American victim. The emotional decision of the distraught white families to push for the sentencing of the suspect’s death is a cause of why, despite African-American victims being over 60%, almost 80% of people on death row are in for committing crimes against white people. Among other things, juries play a big role in the role of race in capital punishment. Despite Batson v. Kentucky which ruled the expulsion of jurors based on race
The unfair imbalance between the capabilities of the prosecution and the public defense is a recipe for a guilty verdict to whoever cannot afford adequate representation. The obvious issue being that the most commonly accused lower class citizens will have the most difficulty proving their innocence. Two out of three convictions are overturned due to prosecutorial misconduct or serious incompetence of court-appointed defense attorneys showing the public defense system is a broken and does not provide equal justice(Source 1). The capabilities of the defense is based on the defendant's status since better lawyers cost more money, therefore a poor innocent man would have a higher chance of being put to death than a wealthy man who was guilty but had a strong defense. Race also plays a role in the sentencing of capital punishment. A ACLU study has shown that people of color are far more likely to be executed than white people(Source 2). Although white people make up about fifty percent of murder victims, they are about seventy five percent of the victims of cases resulting in execution(Source 2). African Americans also make up fifty percent of the population on death row even though they
“A report by the United States General Accounting Office in 1990 concluded that 82 percent of the empirically valid studies on the subject show that the race of the victim has an impact on capital charging decisions or sentencing verdicts or both” (86).
The process determining whether or not an inmate shall live or die is inefficient. The appeal process contemplating the lives of death row inmates is terribly constructed due to a large amount of inmates dying for the law even though they were not guilty, leading to another problem of cruel and unusual punishment, which is definitely unconstitutional, therefore, causing people to waste their tax dollars on death row inmates, who are most likely not to be killed for years after their incarceration so they may live in a comfortable cell. Although death row inmates may live in somewhat comfortable cells, they do not deserve to be unjustly imprisoned.
Race plays a large factor in showing how you are viewed in society. Although there is no longer slavery and separate water fountains, we can still see areas of our daily life clearly affected by race. One of these areas is the criminal justice system and that is because the color of your skin can easily yet unfairly determine if you receive the death penalty. The controversial evidence showing that race is a large contributing factor in death penalty cases shows that there needs to be a change in the system and action taken against these biases. The issue is wide spread throughout the United States and can be proven with statistics. There is a higher probability that a black on white crime will result in a death penalty verdict than black on black or white on black. Race will ultimately define the final ruling of the sentence which is evident in the racial disparities of the death penalty. The amount of blacks on death row can easily be seen considering the majority of the prison population is black or blacks that committed the same crime as a white person but got a harsher sentence. The biases and prejudices that are in our society relating to race come to light when a jury is selected to determine a death sentence. So what is the relationship between race and the death penalty? This paper is set out to prove findings of different race related sentences and why blacks are sentenced to death more for a black on white crime. Looking at the racial divide we once had in early American history and statistics from sources and data regarding the number of blacks on death row/executed, we can expose the issues with this racial dilemma.
Though this is not due to documentation but rather due to the higher rate at which these groups commit a crime. It has been argued that poverty leads to criminality. If this is true then it makes sense that those at a lower economic level would be more likely to be sentence to execution than those at higher economic levels. It has also been proven that minorities are disproportionately poor, and therefore they would also be more likely to receive the death penalty. Ernest Van den Haag says it the best, “Punishments are imposed on persons, not on … economic groups. Guilt is personal. The only relevant question is: does the person to be executed deserve the punishment? Whether or not others deserved the same punishment, whatever the economic or racial group, have avoided execution is irrelevant.” (ProCon.org)
In the U.S., over half of all murder victims are African American, yet less than 15% of the people executed since 1976 were sentenced to death for the murder of an African American. Racial bias isn’t limited to judges and juries. Race exacerbates the risk of executing an innocent person. Eyewitness identification, which is the leading cause of wrongful conviction, is even less reliable when the witness is identifying someone of a different race. Even though many may not realize it, we all hold a certain degree of racial bias in our hearts. Of the 156 death row exonerees in the US since 1973, 60% are black or Latino. Bias is not limited to racial bias. Wealthier people will generally get off easier for the same crime that a poorer person may have committed. Wealthier citizens have the ability to afford better lawyers, which in turn can negotiate better deals and get off easier. This is clearly not fair. For the same crime, people should serve the same punishment, but because of the wealthier person’s status, he or she will be able to get off much easier, and many times even be deemed innocent. However, this isn’t the only outside factor that has snuck its way into the criminal justice
For instance, the 1972 Furman V. Georgia case abolished the death penalty for four years on the grounds that capital punishment was extensive with racial inequalities (Latzer 21). Over twenty five years later, those inequalities are higher than ever. The statistics says that African Americans are twelve percent of the U.S. population, but are 43 percent of the prisoners on death row. Although blacks make up 50 percent of all murder victims, 83 percent of the victims in death penalty cases are white. Since 1976 only ten executions involved a white defendant who had killed a bl...
However, that is not always the case since it is shown that some people have hatred towards certain people: “For decades, scholars who have analyzed death-penalty case have consistently found racial disparities, with death sentences disproportionately handed down to black men, more often in cases with white victims” (Chammah). These disparities have clearly shown that a black male will more likely be given the death sentence especially if there is a white victim. This analysis shows that a black man is already convicted before he is found guilty or non-guilty before a jury. Where there are more white people with prejudice toward the African American population on a jury, there is a higher chance of the black person being convicted since the prejudice is present. Similarly to Robinson’s case, if a black male were to be seen with a white woman and accused of doing something that was looked down upon, he was automatically assumed guilty and hanged for the supposed crime. Today, if a black male is accused of committing a crime against a white person, there is an extremely high possibility of him being in jail for the rest of his life. If the roles were reversed, however, there would be a different approach on the matter that would ensure that the white person would not be convicted at all or only convicted for a short time