Camphor: A Diminishing Industry of Great Importance
Camphor, a member of the Family Lauraceae (Heywood, 1978), is much valued in different parts of the world, particularly in China. This prized botanical has been said to originate in China, but there have been references to Japan, Taiwan and East Asia in similar time periods. Camphor is abundant in mostly sub-tropical countries including India and Ceylon. The camphor tree also thrives in Egypt, the Canary Islands, Argentina, Europe, Florida, California, and Formosa. As trade routes to the east developed, the camphor tree began to flourish. Particularly important to Formosa, its abundance on the island formerly gave Japan control of the natural supply of camphor (VanNostrand 1968).
Characteristics
The camphor tree is an evergreen tree possessing many branches, small clustered white flowers, and red berries much like cinnamon. The Cinnamomum camphora tree grows to be 80 - 120 feet tall and the trunk reaches 6 feet in diameter (Internet site 3). Because of its enormous size, it is known to be a provider of great amounts of shade, which is its primary purpose in Florida, California and other southern states. The camphor tree is linked as a reminiscent of the lime or linden tree originally from Europe (Internet site 2). It is a near relative to Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Janick 1969).
In order to obtain a product from the tree, certain procedures must be accomplished. The old method of extracting camphor has yet remained and involves chopping down a tree that has aged over fifty years. The camphor is ready to be extracted only if the tree is over fifty years old. After cutting the tree down, it is cut up into small pieces and distilled by primitive means. The crude product obtained is further distilled to remove the oil of camphor present and obtain crystalline camphor (VanNostrand 1968).
According to Dreamlink Limited of the United Kingdom, the oil is extracted by steam distillation from the pulverized wood, branches and stump and by condensing those vapors. There are three separate fractions of the camphor oil; white being the lightest, brown as the medium oil, and yellow being the heaviest oil. Each has the camphoraceous sharp odor (Internet site 3). The camphor crystallizes from the oily portion of the distillate and purification is completed by pressing the wood and also by sublimation.
A notable fact about camphor is the abundance that can be gathered even in only a small amount of trees.
Lighting fixtures consisted of bulbs in cocoanut shells located on six paper palm trees in this room.
Hemp oil is extracted by pressing the raw hemp seeds from the Cannabis Sativa or hemp plant. While all of the species of Cannabis plants can produce oil, generally only industrial hemp is used to make hemp seed oil. Cold pressed, unrefined hemp oil has a rich, nutty flavor and green tint. But once refined, hemp oil becomes colorless and fairly flavorless.
Redwoods were named for the color of their bark and heartwood. These trees have a high resistance to fungus and diseases due to the high tanin content in the wood. The dense, fibrous bark has an even higher content, and acts as an insulator from periodic fires which have plagued the countryside for centuries. Though these trees are immense, they have delicate foliage. The needles are narrow and sharp-pointed, and combine to form feathery sprays. The cones are an inch long and typically contain fourteen to twenty-four seeds. The older trees offspring sprout form their parents' roots in order to take advantage of the established root system.
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) has been a disability surrounded by stigma and confusion for a long time, and the time to bring awareness and public understanding to this disability is long overdue. The disability itself often gets misdiagnosed as an other disability since the symptoms overlap with many other disabilities (NIMH, n.d, para 16), or worse case scenario, a medical professional refuses to diagnose or treat the disability due to the belief that these people are untreatable because of a negative schema about the disability and clinical controversies on whether BPD is a legitimate diagnosis (Hoffman, 2007) . However, after nearly three decades of research, it has come to light that BPD does indeed exist, does have a good prognosis for remission with treatment (BPD Overview, n.d, para 3), and that there are many treatment options available such as three different types of psychotherapy (Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Schema-focused therapy), omega-3 fatty acid supplements, and/or medications (NIMH, n.d, para 29, 30, 31, and 39, 41). Even though the disability started as a psychoanalytic colloquialism for untreatable neurotics (Gunderson, 2009), BPD is very treatable and doesn’t deserve the stigma it currently carries throughout society.
...n fear and arousal (Schmahl, Berne, Krause, Kleindienst, Valerius, Vermetten &ump; Bohus, 2009). The work of dampening this arousal is carried out by the pre-frontal region of the brain. Brain imaging has revealed that personal differences in the capacity to activate areas of the prefrontal cerebral cortex, which is believed to activate inhibitory responses, predict the capacity to repress negative feelings (Williams Sidis, Gordon &ump; Meares, 2006). Acetylcholine and norepinephrine in addition to serotonin are the main neurotransmitters in the circuit involved in the regulation of emotions. Imbalance of these neurotransmitters in conjunction with increased GABA activity is believed to have the capacity to result in intense mood swings similar to those of borderline personality disorder (Schmahl, Berne, Krause, Kleindienst, Valerius, Vermetten &ump; Bohus, 2009).
After Truman decided to bomb Japan, they had to plan it out. They first had to decide where to release the bomb. They ended up choosing Hiroshima, Japan and Nagasaki, Japan as their two locations. Hiroshima was a significant military city in the war. It confined two army headquarters and was Japan’s communication center (World War 2 Atomic Bomb 1). Hiroshima was also a huge industrial city and had not been bombed before so it would let Japan see the wrath of the United States (Koeller 1). The planning and actual event of the bombing went great. On August 6, 1945 at 8:15 in the morning the bomb was dropped. The bomb that landed in Hiroshima was called the “Little Boy” (World War 2 Atomic Bomb 2). The bomb ended up killing about 170,000 people. 70,000 people died the first day and 100,000 people died in the next few months due to the radioactivity of the bomb and burns fro...
The lab begins with reflux of the reaction to form an ester followed by several extractions from an organic layer. To purify the ester the compound is dried by gravity filtration with a drying agent, distilled using simple distillation, and recrystallized. The aldol condensation is reacted in a test tube and the solute is collected via vacuum filtration and recrystallized.
After the oil/gas mixture is drawn from the ground, it is then stored into a storage tank and allowed to rest for a while. Then the gas is piped off to a set of distillation columns to clean up the ethane. In order to activate the chemical reaction necessary to separate the ethane, a thermal cracking unit (a sort of long heated tube) i.e. a plug flow reactor is used. After a series of distillations, ethylene exits the tube.
Trees, some of them a few thousand years old, have majestically stood on the face of the earth and have silently witnessed the evolution of human civilization. These trees are the living alibis of our pasts, magnificent markers of history. With their unusual shapes, enchanting legends and historical significance, some of these trees have become more than just giant trunks. Listing below ten such trees whose wooden hearts have amazing stories to tell!
a lifestyle. “Punk is not just the sound, the music, it’s a lifestyle” stated singer Billie Joe Armstrong. (Brainyquotes.com).
...-related target words. For example, Movement-the-smooth-was-could (the movement was smooth), the hockey players who were highly skilled, showed faster and more accurate dribbling performance following priming compared to both a skill-focused condition and a high pressured condition. (Masters, 144) “One implication of these findings is that priming potentially can be exploited be coaches to provide specific instructions of which performers are not consciously aware” (Masters, 144). Which directly ties the priming effect back to the effects of implicit memory in motor skill learning with implicit instruction can increase the performance in an athlete.
The history of BPD can be traced back to 1938 when Adolph Stern first described the symptoms of the disorder as neither being psychotic nor psychoneurotic; hence, the term ‘borderline’ was introduced (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2009, p. 15). Then in 1960, Otto Kernberg coined the term ‘borderline personality organization’ to describe persistent patterns of behavior and functioning consisting of instability, and distressed psychological self-organization (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2009, p. 15).
There is much less coaching up in conscious movement, making adjustments, and fixing of movement that are not well coordinated. During this point in time learning the basics of the sport have already been taught and time is better spent on building up to more difficult or perfecting what has been learned so far. In this stage the athlete is trying to use everything that has been taught and applying it to the actual situation. Adjustments are being made in this stage with all the movements being put together piece by piece into the entire thing. The stage is all called the motor stage because previous problems are fixed during this stage. The cognitive and associative are both often revisited in the process of relearning on something that has been taught to the athlete. Revisiting old stages in necessary for an athlete to make athletes able to do more complicated movements. The fundamentals of an Revisiting that has hit a palette in performance has decreased remedial work will help bringing back the athletes ability back to where they were by just going back and starting from the basics again. When letting go of old habits all three stages must be revisited of the motor learning process and then going through a relearning process (cognitive) then the associative stage, which is frustrating to do. It can be a terrible thing for successful athletes because they think that the change is weird and unusual to and don’t like tithe new process feels uncomfortable for them but them the new information that is taught from the three stages allows for the schema to be established or
Fossil records are unable to provide information of on the center of origins of the cacao tree. The cacao tree is in the Sterculiaceae family. The first growers of the cacao pods were probably the people who entered the lowland rain forests of the Amazon Basin between 10,000 and 200 B.P. The full name of the cacao tree is Theobroma cacao. Most of the information of the cacao have been derived from the cultivated crop. The life and reproduction life cycle of Theobroma cacao is identical to a tropical rain forest tree species. Cacao grows optimally in minimal moisture and shade. Cacao is dispersed in small, medium and large areas. This is probably the result of animal dropping the seeds after eating the tasty inside of the pods. Cacao pods are very diverse in morphology. These morphological difference suggests genetic differentiation.
...e roots of the old tree, the star’s light was intercepted by green shoots and small, crinkled leaves— last season’s seeds. Tiny children of the mother tree, they were doomed to live out their lives under her suffocating blanket of branches. Now as they gazed upward, innumerable points of light gazed back. A light wind rustled the miniature stalks of the saplings, blowing the new debris around in short-lived eddies that danced softly through the night.