Caffeine

Caffeine is a drug used to stimulate the nervous system, cardiac muscle, and respiratory system. Its molecular structure is C8H10N4O2. Caffeine is excreted by the kidneys, the stomach, and small intestine and goes directly to the bloodstream and brain. Once ingested, it is rapidly absorbed through the stomach lining, and reaches the bloodstream. It can affect the brain within 15 minutes and can last for hours. It becomes equally distributed throughout the water of the body, later being metabolized in the liver and expelled via the kidneys. Once in the body, caffeine will stay around for hours: it takes about 6 hours for one half of the caffeine to be eliminated.

To a nerve cell, caffeine looks like adenosine that causes drowsiness by slowing down nerve cell activity. Caffeine binds to the adenosine receptor but it does not slow down the cell like adenosine would however, because caffeine is a stimulant, it takes over the cell and speeds it up. Caffeine causes the adrenal glands to release adrenaline.Caffeine also increases dopamine levels which is normally affected by drugs like amphetamines and heroin.

Caffeine itself has no nutritional value and no flavor. It is typically used to encourage awareness and to stay awake.It can be used in painkillers and with painkillers to relieve pain and can be used for diseases. Caffeine can also be used as a way to lose weight because increases the metabolism by encouraging fatty acid oxidation. Caffeine is commonly used among athletes because it lengthens the time before exhaustion. It is also used to relieve redness and itchiness of the skin when directly applied using lotion.

Caffeine had taken the form of many foods and drinks and is consumed by up to 90% of people in the world.. The m...

... middle of paper ...

.... When pollinating, bees take the caffeine. They then develop a memory association formed from the odor. Caffeine changes how neurons in the bee's brain respond to memory. It causes cells to have a stronger reaction to sensory input, meaning that bees can remember which flower had the caffeine. Bees don't typically remember flowers because of their fast paced lives. In the study, bees that fed on caffeinated nectar were three times more likely to remember a flower's scent than bees fed sugar alone.

In spiders, caffeine intake is shown through their web. The web of a spider who has not been exposed to any drug is tightly done meaning that the spider had to concentrate in order to complete it. However, in the second web, a web of a spider that was exposed to caffeine, it seems to have been done more random. The spider, from the caffeine, lost concentration and focus.