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Caesar’s Conquest of Gaul
Gaius Julius Caesar, born 100 B.C.E. in Rome to the impoverished patrician Julian Clan, knew controversy at an early age. Nephew to Populare Gaius Marius, he was earmarked by the Optimate dictator Sulla for prosciption after his refusal to divorce his Populare wife, Cinna. Fleeing Rome, and not returning until after Sulla’s resignation in 78 B.C.E, upon his return he gained a position as a pontificate, an important Roman priesthood. Slowly but surely throughout his lifetime he worked his way up the political ladder, eventually becoming Consul, and finally Dictator Perpeteus – Dictator for life. One of the most influential political and military leaders of all time, Caesar was also a highly intelligent man and an exceptional orator. However, acquiring this absolute power was no mean feat, and Caesar had well equipped himself through previous expeditions with all the resources necessary to gain power in Ancient Rome.
One such “expedition” was Julius Caesar’s conquest of Gaul. Through Gaul, Caesar found a way to acquire power and prestige for himself within the Roman political arena. Therefore, Caesar’s conquest of Gaul was incidental to his rise to power, and was merely used as a “stepping-stone” by which he could climb further up the political ladder, following the traditional path of the cursus honorum. His conquest of Gaul gave him all the resources necessary to climb the political ladder – wealth, popular support by the people of Rome, and, most importantly of all, the support of a staunchly loyal and experienced army.
In previous years, Caesar had relied upon the wealth and prestige of others in order to further his own political and military ambitions. Before his governorship of Cisalpine Gaul, he relied heavily upon the financial support of Crassus (whom was his main creditor) to gain favour with the Roman public. However, with his appointment as proconsul of Cisalpine Gaul and Illyricum in 58 B.C.E, Caesar saw an opportunity to increase his own wealth and prestige without relying upon the support of others. To his command of Cisalpine Gaul, he was also later given the command of Transalpine Gaul. His command of the Gallic region had several advantages. Firstly, the Po Valley was an excellent recruiting ground for troops. Secondly through Gaul, Caesar had an opportunity to acquire great wealth, which would be needed to fur...
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...on Caesar (Translated by John Dryden) 75 B.C.E.
[ON-LINE] http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/caesar.html
(7) Plutarch on Caesar (Translated by John Dryden) 75 B.C.E.
[ON-LINE] http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/caesar.html
(8) Grant, Michael The Twelve Caesars (1975)
Scribner, New York pp 31-33
(9) Gelzer, Matthias Caesar: Politican and Statesman (Translated by Peter Needham) (1968)
Harvard University Press pp 329-331
(10) Plutarch on Caesar (Translated by John Dryden) 75 B.C.E.
[ON-LINE] http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/caesar.html
Bibliography
Bradley, Pamela Ancient Rome: Using Evidence (1990)
Edward Arnold (Australia), Victoria
Gelzer, Matthias Caesar: Politican and Statesman (Translated by Peter Needham) (1968)
Harvard University Press, Harvard University
Grant, Michael The Twelve Caesars (1975)
Scribner, New York
Plutarch Caesar (Translated by John Dryden) 75 B.C.E.
[ON-LINE] http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/caesar.html
Suetonius The Lives of the Caesars, The Deified Julius 110 B.C.E.
[ON-LINE] http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/suetonius-julius.html
Julius Caesar was a very influential figure in Roman history. Many features of the Roman Empire came from his reign as dictator. But what, specifically, were some of those great achievements? In this research paper, I will explain Julius Caesar’s youth, the Roman Republic before Caesar came to power, the Roman government before Caesar became dictator-for-life, the effects of Julius Caesar, the reasons for his assassination, and what affects there were when the public learned about his assassination.
For thousands of years people have been talking about the great powerful Caesar. He is one of the greatest known dictators known to people today mostly because of all of the things he was able to accomplish during his rein as emperor. After reading primary sources about Caesar, it has given me a better understanding of what other people thought of him during this time period. It’s safe to say that Caesar was obsessed with power and respect from other people that would explain his thirst for war and land, which is one of his greatest strengths and helped in making Rome a great empire.
Julius Caesar was one of the most important political and military leaders in the history of Rome, with many major achievements. Caesar is known to have never lost a single war. His most honorable conquests include the capture of Gaul that extended the Rome boundaries to the Atlantic Ocean; and the Roman invasion of Britain. Julius was also a historian and an incredible orator. He authored many comprehensive journals, named Commentaries that provided the details of his military campaign. Caesar is also said to have produced Acta Diurna, which is the first newspaper that let the public know about the actions of the Assembly and the Senate. He was a successful statesman and changed several laws for the wellbeing if the public. He was the one who fixed the calendar because the days weren’t in pace with the seasons and suggested the science behind it. He was clearly one of the most important political and military leaders in the history of Rome
Julius Caesar (100-44 BC) was one of the most outstanding leaders in history. He was the first ruler of the Romano-Hellenic civilization and achieved his goals with great success throughout his life of 56 years. He was assassinated by the conspirators, who accused him for practicing tyranny. This essay will discuss whether it was right for the conspirators to murder Caesar and what its consequences were.
Julius Caesar was to become one of the greatest generals, conquering the whole of Gaul. In 58 BC, Caesar became governor and military commander of Gaul, which included modern France, Belgium, and portions of Switzerland, Holland, and Germany west of the Rhine. For the next eight years, Caesar led military campaigns involving both the Roman legions and tribes in Gaul who were often competing among themselves. Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman whose dictatorship was pivotal in Rome's transition from republic to empire (Duggan 84).
Still fairly young, Caesar became interested in public affairs, and tried to gain favor of the Roman people. In 65 B.C., Caesar was elected to office in the position of aedile. By setting up a time and place for public games, Caesar received popularity. They truly loved him. Caesar continued to spend more and more money for recreational purposes. Slowly, he began to fall into debt (Gruen,12). Luckily, in 62 B.C., Caesar was elected praetor, which was a very high ranking political position (“Julius Caesar”;Gruen,12).
Julius Caesar was one of the most influential people to ever walk the streets of Rome. His popularity among both rich and poor citizens ultimately led to his success in office as consul and dictator as well as the general of the renowned Roman army.
Julius Caesar was a brilliant politician and a military genius that was brighter and more capable than the overwhelming majority of other Senators. His nature was kind, generous and inclined to forget grudges and turn enemies into friends, but he was also willing to be utterly ruthless. Caesar’s power kept increasing as he made new reforms that helped and changed people’s lives. The soldiers and the people loved him and that made the Senate even more fearful. His tremendous appeal and the loyal army he had behind him made it difficult for the Senate to plot people against him. Caesar’s power surpassed that of the Senate and that made them angry. He established many reforms to improve the economy. He limited the grain welfare program and established Roman colonies by giving land to the soldiers and landless peasants. He made a law that limited the number of slaves estates could employ and reduced taxes and made collections fairer. “Caesar had not fought the Civil War in order to reform the republic, and in spite of what Cicero and others later ...
Julius Caesar was the most powerful dictator in his time. He created the Senate, and as the Roman Empire grew, the Senate grew. He also built new buildings and expanded the Roman Empire. He allowed immigrants
Julius Caesar excelled in military command and an example of Julius Caesar’s impacting victories in crucial battle came with the Gallic Wars. At the start of 52 B.C., a rebellion that spread rapidly throughout much of what Romans called Celts or Gauls surprised Julius Caesar. During that winter, most of the tribes tried to expel the Romans from their lands. This led to what is know as the Gallic wars. Gaul has never been a unified country just independent and hostile tribes. This made it easier to conquer for Julius Caesar. Through the fighting in Gaul, Julius Caesar’s hoped to impress the Senate with his military abilities. Julius Caesar would eventually conquer Gaul(“Gaius Julius Caesar: Ancient Greece and Rome”
At the start of 52 b.c. Gaius Julius Caesar led a campaignrebellion against Gaul. His army was dispersed and vulnerable, but Caesar himself was far away in the Alps taking care of Roman politics. It was 58 b.c. when Julius first got involved with Gaul. At first many of the tribes welcomed Caesar as a friend and a redeemer. but as time went on all but a few allied tribes turned against him. The ironic part of it all was that the people leading the revolt were chieftains he had rewarded showing them favor and friendship.
Julius Caesar was a strong leader of the Romans who changed the course of the history for the Roman world decisively and irreversibly. With his courage and strength, he created a strong empire and guided the empire for almost 20 years. His life was short, but had many adventures. I will tell of some of this man’s remarkable life. He did many things, therefore, I will only discuss a few. His name, part of his reign, one of his greatest battles, and his death will be told.
Undeniably, Caesar was a great general who found out early in his military career that his strength was in leading and executing his plans. Moreover, his most memorable battle was against the Gaul. Adrian Goldsworthy suggests that “Caesar was as much- or even more- a politician as he was a general” (Goldsworthy 1). His political connections helped him climb the ladder, but his military expertise had his name on every Romans lips. However, Caesar was ruthless to his enemies, but due to his fearlessness and slow advances on the battlefield, he single-handedly doubled the size of Rome with the defeat of Gaul. The author Miriam Greenblatt advocates that in Julius Caesar and the Roman Republic “ he discovered that he was very good at warfare,” (Greenblatt 18) and she continues that Caesar was so skilled in his ability that he knew just when and where to place his soldiers to defeat his enemies and that he could obtain the money and taxes from those that he subjugated that he very rapidly bailed himself out of debt, and put the money back into Rome (Greenblatt 19) Greenblatt also suggests that because of the Gallic Wars , “Rome had almost doubled the size of the Roman Empire and brought Roman culture- including good roads an Roman system of laws- to northwestern Europe,” (Greenblatt 24). Due to his great skills as a general, he had the unwavering support of his soldiers. Additionally, Greenblatt proposes that
Prior to his death, Caesar achieved the initial subversions of Roman republicanism which would eventually beget imperialist Rome. In an attempt to improve the Roman unemployment rate, Caesar sought to expand Rome’s territory in order to provide the urban poor with opportunity. Appian (cited in White, 2010, para.15) comments that, “… made a memorandum in writing that Carthage should be colonized…he arranged to send [some of the poor] to Carthage.” This is indicative of Caesar’s contributions towards what Bradley identifies as the “Romanization of the Empire”. By attempting to colonise Carthage, Caesar was effectively undermining republican mores, which harboured severely xenophobic attitudes, abhorring association with foreign countries. In addition to colonisation, Caesar also implemented reform concerning Rome itself, a further attempt to repair the unemployment rate. Fife (2012, para.3) observes that, “The construction of new public buildings served as a method of reducing unemployment in the city, but…Caesar also wanted to enhance the city’s appearance.” Therefore, not only was Caesar motivated towards bettering the welfare of the poor, but also towards Rome’s stature as a city. Such reform was not only beneficial to Caesar’s personal public image, but also for Rome’s prestige as a city. Despite his contributions to Rome’s significance,
Between the years 81 and 74 BC, Caesar avoided politics and instead served as a diplomat in Asia Minor and practiced criminal law in Italy after Sulla’s death in 78. The true birth of his political career would not come until 74 BC when Mithridates of Pontus attacked Asia Minor. Under his own initiative and expense...