Cadmium Research Paper Cadmium is an element in group twelve of the periodic table and is found throughout the environment from natural sources. The processes which you can find cadmium in are erosion, abrasion of rocks and soil and from forest fires and volcanic eruptions. Cadmium can be useful in the world and can also be very harmful. This soft metal is a very interesting metal and one that is naturally accruing in the world every day. Cadmium was discovered in Germany in the year 1817 by Friedrich Stromeyer who was studying a sample calamine. When the same of calamine was heated, Strohmeyer noticed that the samples of calamine glowed with a yellow color while the other samples of calamine did not glow. After further studies he determined …show more content…
Before the dangers of cadmium were fully understood by chemist around the world welders and other metal workers were at risk of becoming ill from inhaling the fumes and breathing the fumes of Cadmium. In the last thirty years, the use of cadmium for electroplating has dropped by about 70 percent due to environmental concerns. Discarded electroplated steel puts cadmium into the environment. Alternative coating methods are usually used now. Today Cadmium most known to be used in Nickel Cadmium rechargeable batteries, which is the second most widely used battery these batteries are seen in airplanes, telephones, power tools, cd players, computers, and even radar stations. In this battery, Cadmium takes the form of Cadmium hydroxide. Cadmium is also used in coatings, pigments, plastics, and in alloys. The most commonly formed alloys are with silver, copper, and zinc mainly because Cadmium lowers the melting point allowing them to be suitable for the hard soldering of metals. It is used in compounds, for example, with copper to harden them. Since the color of cadmium sulfide varies it is useful for pigments in ceramics, glass, paints, plastics and other
Neon was discovered in 1898 by British chemists Sir William Ramsay and Morris W. Travers as a component of the most volatile fraction of liquefied crude argon obtained from air. Upon applying an electric current to it, the chemists found that it had an orange glow, and they decided that it was not argon, but rather a new element altogether.
Strontium was discovered by Adair Crawford, an Irish chemist, in 1790 while studying the mineral witherite (BaCO3). When he mixed witherite with hydrochloric acid (HCl), he did not get the results he expected. He assumed that his sample of witherite was contaminated with an unknown mineral, a mineral he named strontianite (SrCO3). Strontium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy, an English chemist, in 1808 through the electrolysis of a mixture of strontium chloride (SrCl2) and mercuric oxide (HgO). Strontium reacts vigorously with water and quickly tarnishes in air, so it must be stored out of contact with air and water. Due to its extreme reactivity to air, this element always naturally occurs combined with other elements and compounds. Strontium is very
According to recent statistics, zinc is the third most commonly used nonferrous metal in the United States. This unassuming metal was among the first minerals exploited by Man, used as a decorative material for thousands of years, although it never achieved the fame and notoriety of other metals such as gold or silver. In more recent times, new extraction and processing methods have allowed Man to produce higher-quality zinc than ever before, and to use it in an astonishingly high number of chemical and high-tech applications.
Nowadays this element more active or used for infrastructures, electronics goods, and other services, this element also we call it a Dr. Copper element because of high levels of sense of Ph.D. economic benefits. Copper has 20 protons and electrons with the symbol of Cu. In 21 century the market of this element goes up to 20 million tons a year buy and sell in the world trades scale in three big cities in the world such as New York, London, and Shanghai. Cu more necessary for wire, electronics, and computer chips; Copper also helps us to away bacteria
Lead is usually used in cell phone screens, circuit boards and the buttons.Lead is commonly used as a stabilizer in products and for pigment in paint, rubber, plastics, and ceramics. Lead's chemical properties also make it easy to use in metal products.
The emission spectrum of an element is the spectrum of frequencies in electromagnetic radiation emitted due to a specific atom's electrons, creating a transition from a high energy to a low energy state. There are many possible electron transitions for each different atom in which the transition has a specific energy difference. The collection of different transitions leads to different radiated wavelengths and in turn makes up an emission spectrum. Each element's emission spectrum is unique and completely different form other elements on the periodic table. In order to reiterate this statement elements; thallium, neon and iodine will be compared and explained.
Mr. Cronstedt discovered nickel in a mineral called niccolite. He originally planned to extract copper from this new mineral but got none at all. This is why nickel, at first, was called "false copper". Instead, Cronstedt got a silvery-white metal, which was eventually used for other things.
Another widely used primary cell is the zinc-mercuric-oxide cell, more commonly called a mercury battery. It can be made in the shape of a small flat disk and is used in this form in hearing aids, and electric wristwatches. The negative electrode consists of zinc, the positive electrode is of mercuric oxide, and the electrolyte is a solution of potassium hydroxide. The mercury battery produces about 1.34 volts.
It was discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in England, in 1807. Sir Davy was able to isolate potassium using electrolysis. Potassium was the first metal isolated by this procedure. Today, it is still not found free in nature. It is obtained by electrolysis of chloride or hydroxide.
Cerium controls the shape of inclusions and improves toughness in high-strength, low-alloy steels; it deoxidizes steels.
Copper and copper alloys, such as bronze, brass, leaded brass are commonly used in friction parts of machines, as bearing liners, bushings, and water with gas fittings. Properties such as high strength and ductility, fatigue strength, wear resistance and machinability are necessary for these materials. Obtaining such properties is possible by creating submicrocrystalline and nanocrystalline structures in the materials [1]. The most common copper alloys are the brasses for which zinc, as a substitutional impurity, is the superior alloying element. Some of the common brasses are yellow, naval, and cartridge brass and gilding metal. Some of the common uses for brass alloys include jewelry, cartridge parts, automotive radiators, musical instruments,
BIBLIOGRAPHY Advantages to Aluminum. http://www.kaiserextrusion.com/advantage.html. November 28, 2000. Aluminum Facts. http://www.epa.gov/seahome/housewaste/src/alum.htm. November,28 2000. Bowman, Kenneth A. World Book Encyclopedia. "Aluminum." Chicago: World Book, Inc., 1992. Cobb, Cathy. Creations of Fire. New York: Plenum Press, 1995 Geary, Don. The Welder's Bible. Pensilvania: Tab Books, 1993. Knapp PhD, Brian. Aluminum. Connecticut: Grolier, 1996. Newmark, Dr. Ann. Chemistry. London: Dorling Kindersley, 1993. Walker, John R. Modern Metalworking. Illinois: The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc., 1985.
Roman slaves extracted and prepared the lead, describes a disease among the slaves that was clearly lead poisoning. Because of their potential toxicity, lead water pipes are no longer being installed. The greatest single use of lead metal today is in the plates of storage batteries for automobiles. The protective oxidation layer formed by lead in contact with such substances as air, sulfuric acid, and fluorine makes it highly resistant to corrosion. For this reason, lead has been used to make drainage pipes and lead chambers in sulfuric acid factories.
Metals possess many unique fundamental properties that make them an ideal material for use in a diverse range of applications. Many common place things know today are made from metals; bridges, utensils, vehicles of all modes of transport, contain some form of metal or metallic compound. Properties such as high tensile strength, high fracture toughness, malleability and availability are just some of the many advantages associated with metals. Metals, accompanied by their many compounds and alloys, similar properties, high and low corrosion levels, and affects, whether negative or positive, are a grand force to be reckoned with.