CVS stands for Chorionic Villus Sampling, a prenatal test done to detect chromosomal abnormalities or genetic disorders in a fetus, such as Down syndrome. In this test, a doctor takes a sample of cells from the chorionic villi of the placenta to send to the lab for analysis.
Compared to amniocentesis, which also detects genetic abnormalities in women who are at risk for carrying chromosomal problems, CVS offers the advantage of being able to test early in pregnancy (10 to 12 weeks). Amniocentesis is usually done on the 16th week of pregnancy. Both tests involve an invasive procedure, which carries some risk of abortion or miscarriage.
What Problems does CVS Test Detect?
A CVS test detects chromosomal abnormalities like Down syndrome and other genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis. Unlike amniocentesis, it does not test for defects in the neural tube.
CVS can also be used for paternity testing before delivery of the baby. The potential father's DNA is collected and this is compared to the baby's DNA, which is collected by CVS. The test is 99% accurate in determining paternity.
What Are the Risks of CVS Test?
Risks of CVS include:
Miscarriage. One out of 100 CVS procedures may lead to a miscarriage, which is more likely to occur when CVS is done transcervical rather than transabdominal. Miscarriage is also more likely to occur if the baby is small for gestational age.
Rh sensitization. CVS may cause the baby's blood to enter the mother's bloodstream. To prevent a blood reaction if the mother's blood is Rh negative, Rh immunoglobulin is injected to the mother, thus avoiding antibody production.
Infection. Although rare, CVS may trigger an infection in the uterus.
Defects in the baby. This is possible only when CVS is done before...
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Watch a video to learn more on CVS Prenatal Test: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKG9yhkd8zQ
Summary
A CVS test is sometimes done during early pregnancy to determine if a fetus has a chromosomal abnormality, such as Down syndrome. One should consult a specialist to know more about the procedure and its risks and complications.
Works Cited
http://www.babycenter.com/0_chorionic-villus-sampling-cvs_328.bc?showAll=true http://americanpregnancy.org/prenataltesting/cvs.html http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/chorionic-villus-sampling/basics/risks/prc-20013566 http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/chorionic-villus-sampling/basics/how-you-prepare/prc-20013566 http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/chorionic-villus-sampling/basics/what-you-can-expect/prc-20013566http://www.babycenter.com/0_chorionic-villus-sampling-cvs_328.bc?showAll=true
When brothers Sidney and Stanley Goldstein partnered with Ralph Hoagland in Lowell Massachusetts in 1963, they were unaware of the nationwide impact that CVS would have on the retail drug industry today. Just six years after establishment, Goldstein and Hoagland sold to Melville Corporation and began acquiring companies including Revco, Prescription Health Services, People’s Drug and Eckerd Health Services. This led to an increase in sales reaching one billion dollars in 1985 as well set the bar for all pharmaceutical companies within the United States.
An Rh factor is a protein on the surface of red blood cells. Rh incompatibility happens when a mother has Rh-negative blood and her baby has Rh-positive blood. During pregnancy or delivery, blood from the baby can cross into the mother’s bloodstream. If a mother is Rh-negative and the baby is Rh-positive, the mother’s antibodies can destroy the baby 's red blood cells.
Pretend you are adopted for a moment. You have been searching for your biological parents and you think you’ve found them. How can you know without a doubt that they are your birth parents? With the advances in DNA technology, scientists use gene frequencies and statistical analyses to ascertain the biological relationships of individuals. Harmening (2005) states, the most common use for parentage testing is the determination of whether a man is the biological father of a child. However, the testing can be used for non-classical situations such as siblingship and maternity testing.
The child that I tested will be referred to as K.L. I tested her on April 14th 2016. K.L. is 2 years old, with her exact age being 2 years 9 months and 14 days. I called and asked her mother if she would mind dropping K.L. off with me for a few hours so I could perform the test, and then pick her back up after the test was complete. This test more accurate when the caregiver is not present. K.L. has a step sister and a baby brother on the way. She has always been in the daycare setting, because her grandmother is a provider. K.L. was delivered full term via planned cesarean section due to her mother’s small pelvis. There was no complications during this pregnancy. K.L. weighted 8 lbs. 4 oz. and was 20 ½ inches long at birth, now weighting in at ...
This second antigen is called the Rh factor, which is named after the rhesus monkey in which this antigen was first discovered. The people who have the Rh factor are Rh positive, and those who do not have the Rh factor, are Rh negative. Blood does not normally have an antibody for the Rh factor. Nonetheless, if someone who is Rh negative is transfused with Rh positive blood antibodies begin to grow against the positive Rh factor. This can help as well as harm humans, especially pregnant women. If a Rh negative woman has a baby who is Rh positive, the first pregnancy will not cause a problem because her body has not yet produced antibodies for the Rh positive antigens. However, if the mother becomes pregnant with another Rh positive baby, the mother's antibodies for the Rh positive antibodies will cause agglutination and hemolysis or, clumping of red blood cells and destruction of red blood cells. If left untreated the baby will develop erythroblastosis fetalis, which can be fatal. This is why it is important for everyone, especially mothers to get a complete blood count.
As for the concern with genetic abnormalities a process called Amniocentesis can be performed before the sixteenth week into pregnancy. It is suggested that this screening be done sooner in the pregnancy. Amniocentesis is a fetal screening process in with they take fluid from your amniotic sac and derive cells from the fluid and make a culture out of the cells. You should consider this as the doctors can then examine the culture to indicate genetic or chromosomal abnormalities. I will forewarn you that it does contain the risk of causing a miscarriage however. Do to the fact that you are conceiving at this age it is recommended that you have some sort of screening done and in fact its quite the norm for women approaching towards their forties to have it done. There is a procedure that can be done later on in the pregnancy but it has a higher miscarriage risk. If you and your doctor come to the conclusion that this is not the route you want to go there is a blood test that can be done on both of you to detect neural tube defects like Spina Bifida and certain chromosomal abnormalities. This process is called alpha-fetoprotein. If you want to eliminate any extra miscarriage risk added from amniocentesis then you should opt to talk to your care physician about the latter of the two
...nt for early detection of different diseases. Although they have been somewhat effective in the past, they need to be updated and improved so a wider range of diseases can be detected. Among these checkups, an emphasis should be made on checking for congenital heart defects, especially those who are hard to detect. This should be a priority because a baby with a CCHD could be at risk in the future. Furthermore, children who have a heart disease such as Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome are at greater risk. In these cases, early detection is key for eliminating this types of conditions. This way an appropriate treatment can be given at a younger age and a more permanent solution can be offered to eliminate the condition such as surgery. If the root of these types of diseases can be eliminated now, future generations can have a better healthy life quality and assurance.
Some fetuses are proven to have a genetic abnormality. There are many cases where the fetus is said to be born with unhealthy; down syndrome, cancer, disability, and many other uncommon cases. “An ultrasound report suggests about the physical development of the fetus. During the early months of pregnancy, many things can go wrong as a new baby starts developing. The cells are multiplying at a very fast rate that can cause some complex interactions between newly formed body parts. Such interactions may cause serious defect to the child and may also invite complications in pregnancy.” There are other tests such as amniocentesis, which are performed between 14 – 20 weeks. This test detects a variety of chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders. Women and their husbands should have the right to be able to decide whether they are capable of raising their children with serious conditions or not. It could be very tough financially, emotionally, and physically. Financially speaking if the child is mentally or physically ill, the parents would have to make a certain budget plan since they need extra care. Disabled kids take more time to be potty trained, and some unfortunately aren’t able at all so that would result in a life time budget of diapers. Others may require physical, speech, and occupational therapy. Some families aren’t able to afford
Prenatal genetic testing has become one of the largest and most influencial advances in clinical genetics today. "Of the over 4000 genetic traits which have been distinguished to date, more than 300 are identifiable via prenatal genetic testing" (Morris, 1993). Every year, thousands of couples are subjecting their lives to the results of prenatal tests. For some, the information may be a sigh of relief, for others a tear of terror. The psychological effects following a prenatal test can be devastating, leaving the woman with a decision which will affect the rest of her life.
second, prenatal testing, is a testing of a fetus at risk for the disease. The
...most common risk is death. Death is a very common risk if you decided to abort in your late term because you are losing lots of blood which came from the baby that you were going to have. Therefore think about your decision twice and don’t make the same mistake twice.
Prenatal genetic screening in particular is a polarizing topic of discussion, more specifically, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). PGD is one of the two techniques commonly used to genetically screen embryos in vitro; it is usually done at the eight-cell stage of division. PGD is most often performed when there is the risk that one or both parents carry disease-causing mutations. It is extensively used by high-risk individuals trying to conceive babes who will be free of particular mutations. PGD can test for over 50 genetic conditions and even allows for sex selection if there are underlying gender-associated medical conditions. When the results are satisfactory, the selected embryo is implanted into the mother’s uterus. While a controversial technique, preimplantation genetic diagnosis is one example of some of the good genetic testing can do, more benefits will be furthe...
Another technology that has been around for a while is the general ultrasound. In the article by Jennifer Wang she states, “The risk of a patient having a fetus with Down syndrome can be assessed non-invasively using fetal markers seen on ultrasound.
Unlike vaginal birth delivery, the process of a cesarean delivery is quite different, but just as safe as giving vaginal birth (Taylor, 1). When delivering a baby using the cesarean method, there are two ways anesthetic can be used. The women can be put into an unconscious state using the anesthetic, therefore she will be asleep during the entire operation and her coach may not be present. The other way for the anesthetic to be used would be in an epidural or spinal block to temporarily numb the woman from her waist down. In this case the mother will be awake and her coach may be present to give her extra support. Once the anesthetic is working, an incision is made in the abdomen either horizontally or vertically, depending on the reason for the cesarean delivery. A vertical incision is made when the baby is in trouble and needs to be out as quickly as possible, when there is more time the horizontal incision is used. The baby is then lifted out of the uterus and gone for the APGAP procedure. The placenta is then removed and the mother’s reproductive organs are examined before closing the incision (Taylor, 1).
Blood typing is especially important for pregnant women. If the mother is Rh- and the father is Rh+, the mother and child will have different blood types. In these cases, the mother needs to receive a drug called RhoGAM. This drug will keep her body from attacking the baby’s blood cells if their blood becomes mixed, which often happens during pregnancy.