CPTSD Syndrome Analysis

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The etiology of CPTSD has evolved over time. When Herman (1992) initially introduced the concept of the syndrome, the idea of repeated trauma was linked to an ongoing element of captivity where escape from harm was inhibited, which included the possibility of developing the syndrome in adulthood via experiences associated with war torture, sex slavery, refugee status, and survivors of genocide campaigns. However a large body of research has focused on associations with childhood abuse and CPTSD (Amariglio, 2014; Boroske-Leiner, Hofmann, & Sack, 2008; Marylene Cloitre et al., 2009; Dorahy et al., 2009; Leahy, 2008; Mahoney, 2006; Mayfield-Schwarz, 2007; McLean & Gallop, 2003; Pelaprat, 2010; Petchkovsky & San Roque, 2002; Rosenkranz, Muller, …show more content…

van der Kolk et al., 2005). The type of trauma has also been considered with multiple findings supporting childhood sexual abuse as an etiological factor (Amariglio, 2014; Dorahy et al., 2009; Mahoney, 2006; McLean & Gallop, 2003; Vielhauer, 1996), but also emotional neglect (Dorahy et al., 2009), and perceived betrayal by the perpetrator and perceived failure to protect by the non-offending caregiver (Winnett, 2014). In addition to timing and type of trauma, repeated or cumulative trauma has been found associated with the development of CPTSD (Boroske-Leiner et al., 2008; Castelda, 2006; Marylene Cloitre et al., 2009; Hall, 1999; Mayfield-Schwarz, 2007; McTeague et al., 2010; Pelaprat, 2010; B. van der Kolk et al., 2005). Some literature has identified the severity or perceived severity of the abuse in childhood to be a contributing factor (Dorahy et al., 2009; Mayfield-Schwarz, 2007). Other researchers have looked at mediators and moderators such as the parent-child relationship moderating the development of CPTSD (Bruns, 2002), kinship and spirituality buffering exposure to violence in the etiology of CPTSD for

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