Capital investment decisions aim includes allotting the capital investment funds of the firm in the most effective manner to make sure that the returns are the best possible returns. Researchers indicated that there are basically four methods that have been used in practice which are Payback Period (PP),Internal Rate of Return (IRR),Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) and Net Present value (NPV) used by firms to evaluate investment opportunities throughout the world (Atrill & Mclaney, 2008). The Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) methods are considered to be discounted cash flow (DCF) methods. The Payback Period (PB) and Average Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) methods are so-called non-DCF methods (Hermes, Smid, and Yao, 2006).
The time required to achieve the payback is termed the payback period (PP). Under the payback method the required payback period sets the hurdle rate (threshold barrier) for project acceptance. (Lefley 1996) The payback method is generally used as a comparison of two or more projects and has a wide acceptance as a rule of thumb. In a survey in India, Cherukuri (1996) analysed that payback was widely used as a “supplementary decision criterion”.
The internal rate of return (IRR) is the discount rate often used in capital budgeting that makes
the net present value of all cash flows from a certain project equal to zero. This in essence means that IRR is the rate of return that makes the sum of present value of future cash flows and the final market value of a project (or investment) equals its current market value (Stefan Yard 1999). The higher a project’s internal rate of return, the more desirable it is to undertake the project.
The performance of a firm is often assessed by ...
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...initially so that the young company’s scarce sales and marketing resources can be properly focused.
Factor analysis of the results indicates that venture capitalists appear to assess ventures systematically in terms of six categories of risk to be managed. These are: risk of losing the entire investment; risk of being unable to bail out of necessary; risk of failure to implement the venture idea: competitive risk; risk of management failure; and risk of leadership failure (Macmillan, Siegel, and Narasimha, 1985). MacMillan et al. (1987) pointed out five similar types of risk which are management risk, competitive exposure, inexperience risk, viability risk and cash-out risk. Cresswell (2004) listed four risk factors that can impact investment decision process; politics and policy factors, organizational factors, business process factors, and technology factors.
.... To stay in the business and possibly increase the market share and able to compete with the competitors.
Star Appliance is looking to expand their product line and is considering three different projects: dishwashers, garbage disposals, and trash compactors. We want to determine which project would be worth doing by determining if they will add value to Star. Thus, the project(s) that will add the most value to Star Appliance will be worth pursuing. The current hurdle rate of 10% should be re-evaluated by finding the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Then by forecasting the cash flows of each project and discounting them by the WACC to find the net present value, or by solving for the internal rate of return, we should be able to see which projects Star should undertake.
...eting tool that show the differences between the present value of revenues and the present value of expenses. The project can be profitable when the net present value is positive. In other words, the present value of revenues is greater than the present value of expenses. Profitability index is another tool for evaluating investment projects, which is the ratio of the PV of benefits on the PV of costs. A project can be beneficial if the profitability index is greater than 1. Also, it has the same idea as NPV that In other words, the present value of benefits is greater than the present value of costs. However, these two methods (NPV and Profitability Index) have been used to evaluate the proposal of implementing EHR.
appraisal whereby future inflows and outflows of cash associated with a particular project are expressed in present-da...
The first method we will review is the accounting method. Through this accounting approach we will analyze specific ratios and their possible impact on the company's performance. The specific ratios we will review include the return on total assets, return on equity, gross profit margin, earnings per share, price earnings ratio, debt to assets, debt to equity, accounts receivable turnover, total asset turnover, fixed asset turnover, and average collection period. I will explain each ratio in greater detail, and why I have included it in this analysis, when I give the results of each specific ratio calculation.
Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and payback time for each cases have been calculated and the case with highest value for NPV and IRR and earliest payback time chosen as the most attractive option to be presented to senior managers. The best economic one was drilling 28 horizontal wells and utilising FPP while transporting oil with shuttle tanker and delivering produced gas via pipeline to available pipeline on Forties filed. This case resulted in NPV of 1,134 US$MM, IPR of 17.94% with payback time of 7 years.
What major technology change has had the greatest impact on the quality of your life?
Discounted cash flow is a valuation technique that discounts projected cash inflows and outflows to evaluate the potential value of an investment. There are three discounted cash flow methods: Net Present Value (NPV), Profitability Index (PI) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The net present value discounts all cash inflows and outflows at a minimum rate of return, which is usually the cost of capital. The profitability index refers to the ratio of the present value of cash inflow to the present value of cash outflows. The internal rate of return refers to the interest rate that discounts cash inflow projections to the present to ensure that the present value of cash inflows is equivalent to the present value of cash outflows (Brown, 1992).
Return on assets is a pointer of how beneficial an organization is with respect to its total assets. ROA gives a thought with reference to how proficient management is at utilizing its resources to generate earnings. Figured by dividing an organization's yearly profit by its total assets, ROA is shown as a percentage. Now and then this is alluded to as "return on investment" (Investopedia, 2014). Net income divided by Average total assets. The calculated asset for Johnson & Johnson would be 10,853,000 / 112,127,500 = 9.7%.
Finally, Welch (2008) established from his research that 75% of finance academics recommend using the CAPM for commercial capital budgeting purposes, 10% commend the Fama French model and only 5% recommend an APT model. Therefore, Sharpe and Lintner’s CAPM is a beneficial framework.
Return on assets (ROA) tells how much profit a company generates for each dollar in assets. It measures the asset intensity of a business.
Marketing is a fundamental aspect of all businesses, whether they are set out to make a profit, or charitable organisations - they will have to carry out marketing research of some description. It has been described as being, “the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably.” (Chartered Institute of Marketing) This essay will explore the role of marketing in a marketing oriented business and different aspects of the external environment that a smartphone company should be aware of. The points raised throughout will be supported using relevant journals, textbooks and newspaper articles.
The world of business has undergone radical and dramatic changes in the last decade changes that present extraordinary challenges for the contemporary manager. A manager is an organizational member who is responsible for planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the activities of the organization so that the goals can be achieved. According to a widely referenced study by Henry Mintzberg, managers serve three primary roles: interpersonal, informational, and decision-making. Management is process of administrating and coordinating resources effectively and efficiently in an effort to achieve the goals of the organization.
When compared to the physical capital maintenance concept, the financial capital maintenance concept is the better choice for standard setting when distinguishing between a return of capital and a return on capital. The main argument in favor of physical capital maintenance is that it provides information that has better predictive value, confirmatory value, and is more complete. However, due to agency theory, prospect theory, and positive accounting theory, neutrality and completeness under physical capital maintenance would be impaired so gravely that predictive value and confirmatory value become inefficacious. As a result, financial capital maintenance, with its use of historical cost, is able to provide information to decision makers with stronger confirmatory value and predictive value.
Never have I ever climbed a mountain peak. As a child, I imagined myself conducting expeditions in deep-frozen pathways, leading amateur explorers to the top of the world, and instructing rookies in surviving harsh blizzards. Even though slightly altered, my childhood dream has been achieved. I led a team of fellow classmates, in my Strategic Management course, to the success summit of a financial competition. Over the course of a semester, I and my teammates were supposed to create and manage a company of the IT industry, in a computer-simulated environment, along with other four rival teams. I dealt with strategy and financial matters of our virtual enterprise, while my colleagues were working on marketing and manufacturing. During the four months of the exercise, I have experienced finance from various aspects: capital budgeting, through selecting favorable investment for upcoming quarters; debt management, by assessing the necessary amount and efficiency of loans; profitability analysis and dividend policy, which had been used to compile the company’s general performance index. Working in a multinational team, which included an American, a Norwegian and a Moldovan, strengthen my negotiations skills, as well as flexibility and cooperation. But above all, this experience intensified my passion for finance. Of course, a pleasant bonus was the fact that, in the end, our company’s financial performance was six times the performance of second-best team.