Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Rise of communism china
Chinese cultural revolution
The rise of communism in China
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Rise of communism china
Following Mao Zedong’s Communist forces victory over the Kuomintang forces of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, “Mao declared the founding of the People’s Republic of China on October 1, 1949.” (History of PRC) This marked the beginning of the socialist transformation under Mao’s rule in which he planned to unify China and raise the standard of living through the development of China’s infrastructure, industry, healthcare, and education. Mao’s two main campaigns during his time in power were the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution. Through these campaigns he hoped to purify China’s culture by eradicating the landlord ownership system and focusing on class struggle by implementing a distribution system in favor of poor, landless peasants. Unfortunately, these campaigns contributed to or caused the deaths of millions, high economic costs, and the damaging of China’s cultural heritage by destroying anything that resembled China’s feudal past. Following the death of Mao Zedong’s, Deng Xiaoping worked his way to the top of China’s leadership by 1982. Deng soon initiated his plans for Economic Reforms and Openness, which consisted of policies such as the de-collectivization of the countryside and industrial reforms to help decentralize the government’s control over industries. Even though standards of living had improved significantly due to the economic and industrial recovery, Deng’s reforms were still greatly criticized. Some people still think that through Mao’s campaigns China was able to rebuild itself into an even stronger country than before. They believed it was because of the destruction and turmoil from these campaigns that China was able to rebuild itself on a stronger foundation that it continues to build upo...
... middle of paper ...
...onsumption, and Ecology, pp. 15-27. Reprinted by permission of the State University of New York Press. 2000, State University of New York.
"Millennium Indicators." RSS Main. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 May 2014.
Naughton, Barry. Deng Xiaoping: The Economist. Cambridge University, 1993. Print.
R., Yin. Forestry and the environment in China: the current situation and strategic choices. World Dev, 1998. Print.
Song, Conghe, Yuxing Zhang. “Forest Cover in china from 1949 to 2006,” in H. Nagendra and J. Southworth, Reforesting Landscapes: Linking Pattern and Process, Landscape Series 10, pp. 341-354. Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010
Wang S, Chen JM, Ju WM. Carbon sinks and sources in China’s forests during 1901-2001. J Environ Manage, 2007. Print.
Wen, Dale, Minqi Li. China: Capitalist Development and Environmental Crisis. Toronto: Socialist Register, 2007. Print.
The goals of Deng Xiaoping’s economic reform were the ‘Four Modernizations’. This Four Modernization refers to the reform of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science technology. These reforms were to solve the problems of motivating workers and farmers to produce a larger surplus and to eliminate economic imbalances that were common in command economies.
In order to understand why China is in such environmental difficulties we need to understand why the lifestyles of people in Europe and the US could be to blame. The first area to consider is the environmental issues that China is currently suffering with. Once this is established I can assert what impact the US and Europe has in relation to these issues and what actually causes them. In linking the events it will be easier to see the chain of events. To do this I am going to work backwards and understand the issues that exist within China and then secondly what they are a result of. This will give me the background of why China’s environmental issues have become so dire.
Programs such as collectivization and land reformation were essentially a microcosm of Mao's impact on China. Under the policy of collectivization, the government promoted cooperative farming and redistributed the land on the principle that the product of labor could be better distributed if the la...
The late 19th century and the beginning of the early 20th century marks a critical turning point in Chinese history. The high pressures of western imperialism and regenerated peasant revolutions caused a sudden shift in the Chinese social order. The fear of western imperialism caused a demand for modernization, self-strengthening, and defense. Sons of the traditional landlord-bureaucratic lost confidence in Confucian values and traditional institutions; this elite class was too weak to withhold foreign invasion. The sons of the gentry, soon became the most important contributors to the revolution that would rise up against the Confucius bureaucrats intellectuals. The new revolutionaries visioned not only a fortified, modern China with a powerful defense system, but also a unified country. One without “class struggle” or the unfair socio-economic differences between the impoverished masses and higher social classes. To achieve this new political vision, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was formed in 1921 but not with ease.
FAO: State of the World's Forests. Rome: Food and Agriculture Office of the United Nations; 2007. Print.
Throughout, 1900- 1950 there were a number of changes and continuities in China. From the fall of the dynasties to the rise of the Communist Party, these changes shaped China’s government and society. Although, many political changes were made multiple continuities were held constant such as, consistent rebellions and the lack of democracy.
The spread of Communism and its ideals significantly increased during the final stages of the Chinese Civil War which intensified after the Second World War and resulted in a victory to the Communists in October 1949. At this time, the majority of the provinces in China were led by either the GMD or the CCP. However, the civilians in the GMD-ruled cities were suffering rapid inflation, strikes, violence and riots which led to a collapse of public order. Adding to this instability, corruption was rife within the Nationalist party’s lead...
Perry, D. A. (1998). The Scientific Basis of Forestry, Annual Review of Ecology and System Thematic 29:435-466, Retrieved July 9, 2005 from: http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/policy/policy_and_events/index.cfm
China has approximately 20% of the world’s population, which is around 1.3 billion people (Morris, 2009, p. 111). Also, China has become one of the worlds biggest manufacturing countries within 30 years (Fawssett, 2009, p. 27). However, such rapid development has come at a cost, which has created various environmental problems. Coincidentally, China has 16 cities on a list of the 20 worst polluted cities in the world (Fawssett, 2009, p. 15). Therefore, this essay will explain the reasons for China’s environmental problems, then evaluate the claim that the Chinese government and people, are tackling these environmental problems. First, crop farming techniques over the last hundred years, and their consequences will be explained. Followed by, how peoples choice in food has changed over the last hundred years, and how this indirectly affects the environment. Then, how a capitalist economy is linked to agriculture, and finally what the Chinese government and people are doing to tackle these problems.
Hoobler, Dorothy, Thomas Hoobler, and Michael Kort, comps. China: Regional Studies Series. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Globe Fearon, 1993. 174-177.
Robert Weller 's book Discovering Nature: Globalization and Environmental Culture in China and Taiwan, introduced readers to new worlds on environmental study, through an anthropological viewpoint. Instead of a providing the reader with a purely historic or environmentalist viewpoint like many of the texts that we have read so far this semester, Weller 's viewpoint offers the readers insight into a more "people-centered" outlook. Weller divides his texts into seven chapters, although I believe that chapter one stood as more of an introduction rather than solo chapter, due to its nature and outlying of other chapters. Weller focuses part of his text on the ideas of "nature tourism" and the variant natures of globalization, and I will explore
When the new Chinese Government was set up in 1949, the new government faced a lot of problems. First on their agenda was how to re-build the country. As Communist Party of China (CPC) is a socialist party, their policies at the time were similar to that of the Soviet Union’s. Consequently, the CPC used a centrally planned strategy as its economic strategy when it first began. For a long time, the Chinese economy was a centrally planned economy in which none other than the state owned all companies. In fact, there were absolutely no entrepreneurs. As time went on, the problems of a centrally planned economy started to appear, such as low productivity, which was the key reason for restricting the development of China. With the population growing, the limitations of the centrally planned economy were clear. In 1978 China started its economic reform whose goal was to generate sufficient surplus value to finance the modernization of the Chinese economy. In the beginning, in the late 1970s and early 19...
The Chinese revolution of 1949 Introduction The declaration of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949 by the Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong signified a revolution in China that brought an end to the costliest civil war in Chinese history between the Nationalist Party or Kuomintang (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) that had lasted a period of 22 years from 1927 to 1949. The Chinese revolution of 1949 signified the beginning of an era of Communist rule ushered in by the popular Chinese Communist Party at the expense of the Nationalist Party. According to historian Michael Lestz, the Communist victory was an inevitability that was aided by the actions of the preceding Nationalist government (Lestz, 2010). Lestz states that the weakness and administration ineptitude displayed by the Nationalist Party in economic, military and civil affairs created an environment that was conducive for the Communist Party to prosper.
Farm Forestry, along with Plantations, is very effective in preserving old-growth forests. The Combined Standing Forest Resource in Australia was 1.5 million hectares of planted trees. . In China, the law states that each and every citizen must plant at least 11 trees a year, every year. Raising awareness and education are other... ...
Salim, Emil and Ullsten, Ola. Our Forests, Our Future. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1999.