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causes of ozone layer depletion Essay
what causes and effect of ozone depletion
what causes and effect of ozone depletion
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Bromomethane commonly referred to as methyl bromide is an organohalide compound with chemical formula CH3Br. Bromomethane originates from both natural and human sources. It is manufactured for agricultural and industrial use by reacting methanol with hydrobromic acid: H-Br + CH3OH -> CH3Br + H2O. In the ocean, marine organisms are estimated to produce 56,000 tons annually. The production method for naturally occurring bromomethane is unknown but originates from some species of algae and kelp. Bromomethane gas is part of a natural biogeochemical process involving terrestrial and oceanic sources and sinks. Although the oceans are a huge natural source of CH3Br a large amount of marine life also is responsible for the decomposition of this organohalide …show more content…
It damages the nervous system, lung, nasal mucosa, kidney, eyes, and skin on contact. Central nervous system effects include blurred vision, mental confusion, numbness, tremors, and speech defects. Topical exposure can cause skin irritation, burns, and eye injury. Exposure to high concentrations of bromomethane causes pulmonary edema a condition where excess fluid builds up in the lungs. Acute exposure to high concentrations causes immediate death by central nervous system depression with respiratory paralysis and/or circulatory failure which is preceded by convulsions and a coma. The neurotoxicity of bromomethane isn’t fully understood but it is suspected to be caused from cholinesterase inhibition by the build-up of methyl phosphates in cells. While bromomethane is naturally occurring the additional bromomethane added to the atmosphere by humans contributes to the thinning of the ozone layer. Unlike when bromomethane is released to the ocean and decays quickly when bromomethane enters the atmosphere it can take several years to break down. Although the soil is covered with plastic tarps immediately after a treatment with bromomethane 50 to 95 percent of the CH3Br eventually enters the atmosphere. Bromomethane is readily photolyzed in the atmosphere to release elemental bromine, which is far more destructive to stratospheric ozone than chlorine. The thinning ozone layer allows increased UV radiation to reach the earth's surface, with potential impact not only to human health but to agricultural crops and the environment as
This experiment was performed in order to compare the ability of bromine atoms to react with hydrogen atoms of different classifications. The experiment compared aromatic, aliphatic and benzylic hydrogen atoms of primary, secondary, and tertiary classifications. The time it took for the reaction to occur was measured and compared between the different hydrocarbons. This rate of reaction was used to determine the reactivity of the various hydrogen atoms on the hydrocarbons with bromine.
There seems to be a low level of concern regarding human B.t.k. exposure, although B.t.k. formulations have caused eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritations, especially in ground workers. Some claims reveal that a majority of these workers were not equipped with ...
Dihydrogen Monoxide is a colorless, tasteless, and odorless chemical compound. It is found in many explosive and poisonous compounds consisting of Sulfuric Acid, Nitroglycerine, and Ethyl Alcohol. This compound has many dangers such as death due to inhaling, even in small quantities, severes tissue damage and burns from exposure to solid and gaseous DHMO, and even car accidents due to brake failure. When an automobile is exposed to DHMO it can affect the condition of the brakes.
...bromebutane. Unfortunately, our group was only able to obtain the chromatograph for 2-bromobutane and the rest of the three chromatographs were provided by our T.A. Some possible reasons why the chromatographs for 2-butanol, 1-butanol, and 1-bromobutane were unable to be displayed properly is due to the malfunction of the syringes. If the syringe is not air-tight, the gaseous products can escape before being inserted into the injection port. In addition, the collection tube may have had a minor gas escape from the rubber septum, resulting in less concentrated gaseous products being inserted into the injection port. A possible solution is sealing the collection tube with parafilm. All in all, the provided data chromatographs and the rendered chromatograph by the 2-bromobutane in the lab session did match the expected results for the distribution of gaseous products.
Beryllium is a highly toxic metal and if exposed to it, at or above the threshold values, it can lead to a chronic beryllium disease (CBD) (i.e. berylliosis) or an acute beryllium disease. Toxic exposure to beryllium is most often thru an inhalation pathway. Beryllium has a variety of effects. Some beryllium combines with a protein and is deposited in the liver, spleen and kidneys, but the beryllium when bound with a biological protein, a hapten, can result in the chronic form of the disease which is believed to be a delayed hypersensitivity immune response. The major toxicological effects of beryllium are on the respiratory tract,specifically the lungs and their alveoli.
Performance enhancement drugs first came about hundred of years ago. They were first developed by the Incase of Peru in which they were to be used by soldiers to give them energy when fighting in battles. This source of energy came from burned leaves of coca trees. Today, 100 years later those same burned coca leaves are still used as a way of giving a person energy, but is now commonly known as cocaine. Many incidents related to PED’s have been recorded, but the first “recorded” drug related death in sports was in 1886 by a European cyclist. The cyclist was found to have a mixture of heroin and cocaine in his system. This athlete was very well known for his speed, which was why he was given the nickname speedball. Following that many more incidents have since been recorded.
While detectable amount of 1,1-dichloroethane is reported in both public and private water supplies in the U.S., however, its relatively low concentration in the water appears to raise less concerns compared to the exposure route through air (inhalation). This may be especially the case for urban, industrial waste hazard areas, where higher concentration level of 1,1-dichloroethane were reported (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1989).One may want to avoid being in contact with highly concentrated 1,1-dichloroethane either through direct exposure to body parts, such as skin, mouth and eyes, or through inhalation, in order to prevent damage to the Central Nervous System and/or other important body organs such as lung, liver and kidneys. Much does not seem to have been investigated, however, as to the exact extent of the toxicity of 1,1-dichloroethane, compared to a more toxic form of the HOC, such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Most of the scientific evidence comes from animal research, and reported at best to be “inconclusive”, or weak in terms of carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity as well as acute exposure effects. More vigorous research may be needed to determine its reversibility as well as extent of “likely” toxicity to human health. One interesting type of research relevant to 1,1-dichloroethane is
Ammonium nitrate is a chemical that I first encountered in the chemistry laboratory back in high school. The physical state of ammonium nitrate is typically a white solid, and it soluble in water. The solid can either have a crystalline form or bead form.
In The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho, novel, Coelho talks about finding the Personal legend of your life which is the spiritual purpose for each person's life. very few people will actually achieve their personal legends in their lifetime. There are certain moments in a person’s life that will dictate what will happen for the rest of their life. The first choices that you make when you are younger determine, if and/or when you will find your personal legend in life. In Tangier, where Santiago was robbed helped him to be able to be set onto the right path to find his personal legend.
The novel “Alchemist’’ was very successful novel and it achieved commercial success as well. The author of the novel was Paulo Coelho, who is a Brazilian novelist and also a numerous for an international awards and Crystal Award.Paulo Coelho needed someone to publish his novel, so he got a big publisher named Rocco, to get his book publish and his next book as well. The novel ‘’ Alchemist’’ was the top seller in Brazilian at that time. The book The Alchemist was there an expression book, the theme to the book would be always follow your dream in the sense that there is a higher being pushing you towards that dream. And sometimes you may run across the bridge that you can cross but you would have to rebuild the bridge so you can cross that off turning back because you cannot cross the broken bridge.
The reaction performed in this experiment was bromination of an alkene, using trans-Cinnamic acid, Pyridinium Tribromide, and Glacial Acetic Acid.
Bromine and Chlorine are the only two halogens currently used in flame retardants, making brominated and chlorinated flame retardants. These two elements have similar properties and mostly act the same way; they stop or interfere with the chemical mechanism that leads to the formation of flammable gases that ignite or sustain the flame. These FRs have a special property; they can be added to plastics and plastic foam without changing their properties.
Ozone can cause part of your lungs to close off and make it harder to breathe.
The products obtained from the bromination of alkenes using cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene are dl-stilbene and meso-stilbene. Meso-stilbene and dl-stilbene are diastereomers, thus they have different properties. Because the compounds meso-stilbene and dl-stilbene are diastereomers it makes identifying the major product in the bromination reaction very easy (1). The meso compound is formed after the reaction with the Br2/CH2Cl2 (CH2Cl2 = dichloromethane) occurs. It is called meso because of the placement of the bonds and the stereogenic centers. The major product of the reaction is the meso-stilbene compound.
...-monoxide-effects.aspx, http://www.bidmc.org/YourHealth/HealthNotes/StoriesofHope/CanCarbonMonoxidebeGoodforYou.aspx, https://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/carbonmonoxide-factsheet.pdf, http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/indoorair/co/, http://www.linde-gas.com/en/products_and_supply/packaged_chemicals/product_range/carbon_monoxide.html, http://greenopedia.com/article/effects-black-carbon-health-and-climate, http://esseacourses.strategies.org/module.php?module_id=170, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/95021/carbon-monoxide, Department of the Environment and Heritage. 2005. Carbon Monoxide (CO). p. 1., Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. n.d. Carbon monoxide. p. 2., http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2012/08/10/12007/soot-pollution-101/, http://www.airqualitynow.eu/pollution_environmental_problems.php#parag6