Heresy is a belief or theory that is strongly accustomed with established beliefs. A heretic is someone who believes in these beliefs and/or theories. The term is usually used to describe broken religious laws or legal codes. It carries the belief that to undermine accepted morality can cause evils, damnation, or other punishments. In many cultures such as Islamic or Jewish heresy has led to punishments such as excommunication and even death penalty.
When heresy is used today referencing to Christianity, it’s meaning represents the denial or doubt of the Christian faith. Heresy is distinguished between apostasy and schism. Apostasy is being nearly always total abandonment of the Christian faith after it has been freely accepted. Schism is being a formal and deliberate breach Christian unity and an offence against charity without being based essentially on doctrine.
Heresy involves a baptized person who teaches or proclaims something contrary to Catholic belief and refuses to be corrected. Heresy is distinct from apostasy, personal incredulity, or schism. Heretical teaching effect...
The Catholic Church referred to most groups that attempted to improve the Church and failed as ‘heretics;’ heresy could include “resistance to or rejection of Catholic sexual belief” (Crawford 73). Through use of this term, Catholics attempted to discredit these groups by categorizing them as counters to Catholic morality. Catholics previously had used this method to discredit groups like the Cathars, Waldensians, and Albigensians; all three of which rejected Catholic hierarchies regarding sex (Crawford 74). Like the Catholic Church, throughout the chronicle, Jeanne de Jussie continuously referred to Protestants as ‘heretics.’ Jeanne de Jussie too used the term to discredit the Protestants and to create a division between them and those who she considered to be true Christians: the
Becker theorised that the term 'deviant' is applied when an actor (individual) violates the mores and values created by society. The label deviant is usually applied by a figure of authority or high social status, and provokes a negative social reaction. The same reaction that can be associated to an act of law breaking. Society struggles to differentiate between 'crime' and 'deviance',The two words are sometimes used interchangeably. Crime is an act that breaks 'criminal law'; resulting in formal punishment, whereas deviance is simply an act that is perceived as 'wrong'.
Deviant behavior is anything that a person does that is out of the norm. Robbing banks, stealing cars, and assaulting individuals are easily considered deviant behavior, but can people be deviant while still being within their legal rights and without breaking any laws? One congregation that does not break any laws, but is considered to be out-of-line, is the Westboro Baptist Church. The Westboro Baptist Church has been called offensive and their actions are frowned upon by many. Is the Westboro Baptist Church actually a deviant group in disguise?
(www.dictionary.com) Dogma is used synonymously with the doctrine and includes all Christian truths. It suggests a particular Christian doctrine has been raised to a status of an essential article of the church. An example of dogma is the Trinity which was formalized in the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed. (Stanglin, K D. "Dogma." Global Dictionary of Theology, edited by Dyrness, William A. and Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, InterVarsity Press, 2008. ) Paganism does not have a predetermined doctrine, they have no established dogma. In the opinion of fellow Pagans Joyce and River Higginbotham, Paganism can be summed up in a word “search”. In order to have a successful foundation of new knowledge, inspiration and experience it is important to work your mental, spiritual and ethical muscles; this becomes the core of Pagan spirituality. (Higginbotham 67) Is the process of searching and questioning principles and living free from predetermined truths what places Pagan beliefs in the risk
The Change in Modern Religion “In modern society religious beliefs and religious behaviors are changing rather than declining” Assess the argument for and against this view. The term Modern Religion in this essay will refer to the religion in the 20th century (i.e. from the 1900’s). Also to reduce confusion I will focus mainly on religion within the UK I will term the phrase religious beliefs and religious behaviors to be related with the exclusive definition of religion. Which means a belief in god or a high being and participating in religious practice.
Christianity. This word brings a lot of mixed thoughts in one’s head especially for those people who do not understand the concept of this religion, such as the people of Rome in early times. “ … And by a distinction between the seasons which is due to God’s arrangement, set aside some for festivals, others for times of sorrow- merely to suit their own inclinations! Who can consider this a proof of religion, and not, rather, of lack of understanding?” (The Epistle to Diognetus) Christianity was seen as an insignificant cult for the ignorant and uneducated types and also viewed to be as treason to Rome. They are thought to be lustful (love one another), sinful, immoral and vile creatures of society who follow a cult that practices inhumane and cruel acts for their god. They were thought to have drunk human blood, beaten up dogs cruelly for sacrifice, held secret meetings and ate babies to be saved, etc. Christianity is often misunderstood and is not given the chance to explain their belief and their opinion to others. In those times, when you were a Christian you will be sentenced to die without a chance to defend yourself. “There is full liberty given to answer the charge and to cross-question, since it is unlawful for men to be condemned without defense or without a hearing. Christians alone are permitted to say nothing that would clear their name, vindicate the truth, and aid the judge to come to a fair decision.” (A Christian Defense by Tertullian) They are also seen as a threat to the Roman Empire for refusing taking the “oath” and to worship their pagan gods that is why being a Christian is equivalent to treason. “ A stone of course, submits; for it has no feeling. Therefore, you really disprove its sensibility, do you not?”...
I'm not a tremendously religious person. I don't attend religious services, I don't say prayers before bedtime (or much of any other time), I don't read a section of my holy book on a regular schedule... you get the picture. The closest I'd come to claiming a personal faith is to call myself a sort of armchair Daoist.
Deviance is the behavior and the standards of expectations of a group or society. It is also behavior that is considered dangerous, threatening or offensive. The people that are deviant are often labeled to be weirdos, oddballs, or creeps. In the United States, people with tattoos, drug addicts, alcoholics, and compulsive gamblers are all considered deviant. Sociologists believe that everybody is deviant from time to time. They believe each person will violate a social norm in certain situations. People are considered deviant if they don't stand for the national anthem at a sports event, dress casually to a fancy restaurant, or skip classes. One category of deviance is Crime. Crime is a violation of norms that have been formally enacted into a law. Another category of deviance is humorous. Deviance is relative, what is deviant in one group or society may not be deviant in another group or society.
What is deviance? What does it mean? What determines a behavior as deviant? Deviance is anything that violates a social norm. For example, when a child burps at the supper table but doesn’t excuse himself. Who we socialize and spend time with will determine what we deem as deviant behavior. There are many types of deviant behaviors, some of these behaviors may not be considered deviant to one culture but to another they are.
Deviance is amongst other things a consequence of the response of others to a persons act. Students of deviance can not assume that they are dealing with a homogenous category. When they study people who have been labelled deviant (Howard Becker)
Deviance is defined as actions or behaviors that violate socials norms. In turn the concept of deviance is dependent on the social observation and perception. “By it’s very nature, the constructionism through which people define and interpret actions or appearances is always “social.” ”(Henry, 2009 , p. 6) One’s perception of a situation may be completely different from another depending on cultural and social factors. The way someone talks, walks, dresses, and holds themselves are all factors that attribute to how someone perceives another. In some cases what is socially or normally acceptable to one person is deviant in another’s eyes. For this reason there is a lot of gray area involving the topic of deviance because actions and behaviors are so diversely interpreted.
During the Age of Reformation people were greatly against the abuses that existed in the Roman Catholic Church. A couple of abuses that were greatly stressed were the selling of indulgences, simony, and nepotism. It was some of these same abuses that prompted German reformist Martin Luther to write his 95 Theses. And for the Council of Trent to later address them in a series of meetings.
...s beliefs are not reflected in their conduct. As a result, people do not truly understand the doctrines they hold dear, and their misunderstanding leads to serious mistakes.
The middle ages saw the rise of many “cults” or “sects;” most notably the Cathars and the Flagellants. The Cathars appeared in 1143 and were subject to rumors about their supposed immoral acts such as consuming the ashes of dead babies. They became so influential that they were considered to be a major threat to the dominant Church. After the Cathars managed the assassination of one of Pope Innocent III’s legates, a crusade was organized against them and they were eventually wiped out. Their views were partly Gnostic and their view of dualism was varied from radical to moderate. They subscribed to high ethical standards, rejected the Old Testament and denied the Trinity.
As the tile implies, the book Five Views on Sanctification aims to discuss the different views that Protestants have in regards to an important doctrine of the church - Sanctification. Generally, Protestants recognize the need to draw closer to God and to live a sanctified and holy life. However, the different Protestant groups differ on how to draw closer to God. Some of these differing views are: How sanctification occurs? Is sanctification instantaneous or progressive? Is there a need for a second blessing? What is God’s role and man’s responsibility in sanctification? Is there a cure for spiritual failure?