Comparison of Engineering Properties between Pure Copper Slag Brick and Spent Copper Slag Brick
Salmaliza Salleh and Rishanthi.T Abstract- This paper was carried out to compare the engineering properties between pure copper slag brick and spent copper slag brick. Pure copper slag is the waste product of copper ore smelting and refining process while spent copper slag is the waste product from the process of abrasive blasting of metal surfaces. It is widely used in ship building, ship repair, other steel fabrication industries, building and industrial fields. According to copper industry report in the year 2010, for every ton of metal production about 2.2 tonne of slag is generated. Improper disposal and dumping of copper slag will cause
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5: Compressive strength of 0% brick.
Fig. 6: Comparison of compressive strength of 20% brick.
Fig. 7. Comparison of compressive strength of 40% brick
Fig. 8. Comparison of compressive strength of 60% brick
Fig 9: Comparison of compressive strength of PCS and SCS bricks at day 28 D. Density
The result for density of all mixtures with difference proportions of pure copper slag and spent copper slag shown in Table VIII and Table IX respectively. The density of cement-sand brick slightly increased as spent copper slag content was increased. The density of cement-sand brick was increased by almost 13.4% for mixture of replacement 60%PCS as fine aggregates, due to the fact that pure copper slag has higher specific gravity compared to the river sand.
TABLE VIII: DENSITY OF CEMENT-SAND BRICK USING PCS
Proportions Density (Kg/m3)
0% 2760.3
20% 2791.4
40% 3058.7
60% 3620.3
TABLE IX: DENSITY OF CEMENT-SAND BRICK USING SCS
Proportions Density (Kg/m3)
0% 2075.2
20% 2225.7
40% 2700.5
60% 3200.4
Fig 10. Comparison of density of PCS and SCS
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Management In Malaysia Issues And Initiatives Related To Conservation Of Biodiversity And Critical Habitats.pdf [Accessed 9 Aug. 2014].
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The map is used as a guide as to how biodiversity policies should be put into play. The vegetation Management Act of 1999 will assist in land clearing which will ensure that the impact on biodiversity is minimalized as to avoid destroying biodiversity values. As seen in Fig.4, biodiversity habitat areas in the Redlands have been extensively fragmented. This in relation to the Koalas being unviable to the region in the near future. Here the aim is to improve biodiversity connectivity by rehabilitation of cleared land or areas.
Landscape fragmentation contributes to loss of migratory corridors, loss of connectivity and natural communities, which all lead to a loss of biodiversity for a region. Conservation of biodiversity must include all levels of diversity: genetic, species, community, and landscape (CNHP 1995). Each complex level is dependent upon and linked to the other levels. In addition, humans are linked to all levels of this hierarchy. A healthy natural and human environment go hand in hand (CNHP 1995). An important step in conservation planning, in order to guarantee both a healthy natural environment as well as a healthy human environment, is recognizing the most endangered elements.
Once the brick has been identified, appropriate techniques can be determined for the repair of any defects within conservation guidelines. This report goes on to explore the properties of brick, repair and conservation methods available and finally the philosophical issues surrounding repair and cons...
Knowledge has always been transferred from older generation to younger generations since time immemorial, and in this regard biodiversity is no exception. The knowledge of the hunters and gatherer societies, cultivators, and fishers to mention a few, have developed knowledge specific to their field of operation. There have been sources laying down the importance of the traditional knowledge, as pre-scientific traditional systems of management have been the main means by which the traditional societies have managed natural resources for millennia . Thus biodiversity conservation holds primary importance for sustainable use of the natural resources especially at a time which when the common resources which should be judiciously exploited are being exploited in arbitrary manner.
Throughout the construction industry, technology plays a role to help ease the completion of a project to all of the parties involved. The amount of technology application in the industry supports the belief that technology has a positive impact on project productivity. One of the main materials used in the construction industry that surrounds us every day, in which we overlook, is concrete. Concrete is an art form, in which it takes time and talent in order for it to be used efficiently, to produce its high strength and longevity. However, the downfall of this material is that it is extremely costly and nearly impossible to form it to an aesthetically pleasing surface. In spite of this, what if I told you that there is hope? That the dream of a material made of concrete, producing the same qualities, can be formed to any shape, and used anywhere was a reality.
Now a days HPC is expensive than conventional concrete. It require additional materials in some quantities as to meet specified performance.These additional materials are cement,silica fume,...
Concrete is a composite material used widely in the construction industry. Concrete is basically a mixture of cement, water, aggregates and admixture (sometimes). Cement is a fine gray powder that consists of oxidizes calcium, silicon and aluminum. The aggregate used is normally gravel, crushed stone or sand. Admixture is a solid or liquid substance that gives a certain characteristics of the concrete. The cement reacts with water chemically and binds the aggregates together through a process called hydration during hardening or curing of concrete. It means that water helps in the hardening of the concrete while the cement bind the aggregate and also react with water to form a solid mass.
NEED AND PURPOSE FOR CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY Biodiversity conservation is about saving life on Earth in all its forms and keeping natural ecosystems functioning and healthy. Biodiversity is being depleted by the loss of habitat, fragmentation of habitat, over exploitation of resources, human sponsored ecosystems, climatic changes, pollution, invasive exotic species, diseases, shifting cultivation, poaching of wildlife etc. Since the human beings are enjoying all the benefits from biodiversity, they should take proper care for the preservation of biodiversity in all its forms and should prevent the degradation as well as the destruction of the habitats, thereby maintaining the biodiversity at its optimum level which will ultimately conserve the biodiversity for the future generation. The United Nations designated 2011-2020 as the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity. In biodiversity, each species, no matter how big or small, has an important role to play in ecosystems.
Some of the locally established Malaysian wildlife agencies are Malaysian Conservation Alliance for Tiger (MYCAT), Malaysian Nature Society, Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia, Wildlife Conservation Society-Malaysia Programme and WWF-Malaysia (The Malayan Tiger, 2010). Most of them a...
Now a days, the major problem in constructing the roads, highways, airports or any other structures is the availability of proper soil conditions. In majority of places in India, the soil is found to be weak in shear strength for construction. So the need of soil stabilization arises. Soil Stabilization is any technique by which we can increase the shear strength of the soil by allowing proper compaction or by adding some chemicals and add mixture to it. There are many ways of stabilizing the weak soil like adding cements, lime, bitumen, blast furnace slag. In this paper, we focused on various methods used in stabilization of soil in the past. In recent studies, it has been found that all the stabilizing agents are proved to be costly. So the major concern in stabilization of soil is the cost reduction. Then the idea of stabilization of soil by waste material like waste plastic, bottles, canes, polythene bags arises. Because these are available in abundance in all over the world and it is almost cost free.
Biodiversity is essential for a healthy and functional ecosystem. If wildlife is extracted from its natural habitat, the delicate balance of the ecosystem will be disturbed which will then lead to disastrous results. For instance, there is a wide diversity of species living in a tropical rain forest. If any species should become extinct, the food chain will be disrupted affecting all the species. Wildlife maintains ecological balance and the organisms have their unique positions in food chains, food webs which keep ecological balance. The bee for example. Certain plant species completely rely on bees to reproduce. The bee carries their pollen (male gametes) to the female stigma of other plants of that species. If not for the bee, some species of plant would not survive, and animals that eat those plants may not survive. According to WWF-Worldwide Fund for Nature, today only half of Borneo’s original forest cover remains, down from 75% in the mid 1980s. Experts predict that, without quick action, within 10 years nearly all of Borneo’s lowland forest will disappear. For this reason, promoting biodiversity is one of the main reasons why we should protect wildlife. Borneo’s forests are disappearing at the rate of 1.3 million hectares each year driven by multiple factors including road building, logging the development of palm plantations, and forest fires. The growing desire of international markets for hardwoods has accelerated logging activity. Once cleared, nearly all land is converted to palm oil plantations. There are currently 2.5 million hectares under palm oil production on Borneo, although that number continues to rise
The amount of Wildlife reserves is growing, but it would be greater if we could all lend a helping hand. In one instance, a research team of the Sciences Education Institute found a wildlife park in the southern Huila province
Prof. Desai Satish Na, *. P. (OCT-2011). ELEVATED TEMPERATURE CURING OF CONCRETE WITH INDUSTRIAL WASTE. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, 6.
Shah, Anup. A. Addressing Biodiversity Loss. Global Issues, 6 Apr. 2011. The. Web. The Web.
Today biodiversity is being depleted by the loss of habitat, fragmentation of habitat, over exploitation of resources, human sponsored ecosystems , climatic changes, shifting cultivation, poaching of wild life etc. Biodiversity includes various other important things and services such as cultural, recreational, and spiritual nourishment that play a major role in maintaining our personal life as well as social life and since the human beings are enjoying all the benefits from biodiversity, they should take proper care for the preservation of biodiversity in all its form and good health for the future generation. We should conserve biodiversity because of its benefit for example services and biological resources which are essential to live our life on earth and maintain it at its threshold level and derive sustainable benefits for the present and future generation. Appropriate conservation and sustainable development strategies attempt to recognize this as being integral to any approach for preservation of biodiversity. Ever since the Conservation of Biodiversity has gained tremendous importance worldwide, steps have been taken for its