1.1 Background of study
Children development can be divided into quantitative changes such as height and weight or qualitative changes like critical thinking, problem solving and socializing (Zaidon, 2008). These changes happen periodically and continuously starting from infant until they grow older. To have an optimal growth, breast milk should be given during infancy period as it contains an adequate nutrient supply for children's development. Since human milk consist of 200 recognized components including true solutions, colloids, membranes, membrane bound globules and living cells (Ruegg & Blanc, 1982), optimal breastfeeding had been promoted globally by UNICEF to improve infant and child survival as breastfed children have six times greater chance of survival, significant impact on health, nutrition and development either physically, mentally or emotionally (UNICEF, 2013). Besides that, since 1990s, Ministry of Health Malaysia had recommended National Breastfeeding Policy to suggest exclusive breastfeeding practice to the newborn babies until they reached 6 months and continue the breastfed until 2 years old in order for them to have enough nutrients (MOH, 2008).
Other than that, previous studies had found positive association between breastfeeding practice and nutritional status among children especially the newborn since children that were breastfed had low probability to get malnutrition or overweight as they were supplied with maximum nutrient from breast milk. Early childhood which can be defined as the period from birth until eight years old (UNESCO, 2010) is a period where adequate nutrition intake is important to children because a balanced diet is essentials for brain development, physical growth, and health. It is...
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...from http://www.moe.gov.my/en/prasekolah.
MOH. (2008). Guidelines for the Feeding of Infants and Young Children. Putrajaya: Ministry of Health Malaysia.
Mossberg, H.O. (1989). 40-year follow-up of overweight children. The Lancet, 334(8661), 491-493.
Ruegg, M., & Blanc, B. (1982). Structure and properties of the particulate constituents of human milk: A review. Food microstructure, 1.
UNESCO. (2010). Implementation of The Convention on the Rights of the Child in Early Childhood, . New York: United Nations.
UNICEF. (2013). Breastfeeding. Infant and young child feeding. from www.unicef.org/nutrition/index_24824.html
WHO. (2014). Infant and Young Child Feeding. In W. M. Centre (Ed.), (February 2014 ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization.
Zaidon, S. (2008). Satu Tinjauan Literatur Penggunaan Portfolio Kanak-Kanak. Kampus Pendidikan Islam, Maktab Perguruan Islam.
Feeding a baby is an indispensable duty of a parent. Part of that duty includes making
“Commercially prepared infant formulas are a nourishing alternative to breast milk, and even contains vitamins and nutrients that breastfed infants need to get from supplements (Pearl, E., 2015). Breastfeeding is proven to strengthen the immune system for children of all ages. While a mother nurses the infant, the mother passes down nutrients and antibodies from the milk the babies drink while nursing. Like immunizations building invulnerabilities for people destructive illnesses, breast milk gives additional antibodies to infants to help them. Nursing sessions are less demanding to retain and process the formula since it contains living development elements, hormones, and chemicals which help an infant to effectively process all healthy intake from each feeding (The Office on Women’s Health, 2012). Further, in creating nations, scientists found that for newborn children who were not breastfed have danger of dying from irresistible infections, in the primary month is six times more prominent than babies who were breastfed (Chen and Rogan, 2004). Children that are breastfed have less problems with digestive systems due to the breast milk, a standout amongst the most essential advantages of breast milk is the containing living parts, for example, contamination battling antibodies, white platelets, red platelets, and hostile to viral components (Taylor, 2013). All which are essential to the growth of a newborn's digestive system that formula does not
Concept analysis is the breakdown of a problem into pieces to figure out ways to form a conclusion on how to correct, or improve, the problem. This response reviews a concept analysis that looked at problems with successful breastfeeding. In the Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing (JOGNN), Mulder (2006) identifies the four key elements of effective breastfeeding: “positioning, latch, sucking, and milk transfer” (p. 334) using the concept analysis by Walker and Avant. The method of analysis, steps of process, and results are applied to successful breastfeeding.
13 (3), 524. Retrieved from Healthy Child Care Library of Articles: http://healthychild.net/NutritionAction.php?article_id=524. Sorte, J., Daeschel, I., Amador, C. (2011). Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children. (Ashford University, ed.).
Babies of 0-6 months have particular need for nutrition and feeding based on their stage of development. There are several aspects of feeding which are:
It utilized infants from birth to six months of age. Studies were excluded if the formula contained long-chain poly-unsaturated fatty acids, if there were supplements to the mother or infants, if there was contamination of breast milk like lead and mercury, or if mother or child were sick at start or at an increased risk for disease. Convincing and probable evidence was found in favor of breastfeeding on several outcomes. Breastfeeding can decrease the growth and obesity in infants, help maintain normal blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels, and prevent diabetes in childhood. For each month a child was breastfed their BMI decreased and their odds of being obese were reduced by 8%. Breastfeeding was shown to have a small decrease in systolic blood pressure for children. Longer duration of breastfeeding may result in decreased likelihood of developing diabetes. Breastfeeding was also shown to protect infants from overall infections including gastrointestinal and respiratory tract
Is there any food on earth that can provide the PERFECT nutrition to a human? Yes, and it is breast milk. Breast milk is the perfect nutrition. This superior food contains hormones, live antibacterial and antiviral cells and essential fatty acids (What Makes Human Milk Special?, Mar-Apr 2006). All of which are helpful in protecting against any harm. Sicknesses in infants are lowered by the help that breast milk gives. Breastfed children are sick less often than children who aren’t breastfed (What Makes Human Milk Special?, Mar-Apr 2006). Breast milk contains all the nutrients that an infant needs as it continues to grow. When the child is brought into the world it has no way to fight off any d...
Human Breast Milk is touted as the perfected food for infants. There is extreme pressure placed on new mothers to nurse or feed expressed breast milk (EB) elusively for the first six months of life. The extreme of this can be defined by a group called La Lache League International.
Breastfeeding is thought to provide infants with the optimal start in life and is a significant factor contributing to infant health. It is recommended by Australia’s infant feeding guidelines that Mothers should exclusively breastfeed their infants until the child is around six months old, as this is when solid foods are starting to be introduced (The Department of Health , 2017). Breastfeeding has been linked to a reduced likelihood of a range of illnesses such as type 1 diabetes, respiratory illness and middle ear infection, to name a few, and is also thought to enhance cognitive development (The Department of Health , 2017). This report explores whether weaning infants from breastmilk at 6 months of age increases the likelihood of developing
Breast milk is made for the baby having just the right amount of protein, sugar, water, and fat that is needed for a baby’s growth and development. As breast milk is easier for newborn’s to digest than formal, it prevents intestinal upsets. Furthermore, breast milk includes substances such as immunoglobulin’s...
Breastfeeding provides a wide array of health benefits for both baby and mother, while simultaneously enhancing the bond between mom and her baby. Mothers who breastfeed have a lower risk of ovarian and pre-menopausal breast cancer. Their babies see a boost in cognitive development, as well as lowering their chances of being obese as adults, unlike formula fed babies. Consequently, a lower risk of obesity correlates to a lower incident of a wide array of comorbidities such as
Application in the real world: Save the Children being the leading independent non-governmental organization has the mission to inspire successes in the way the world treats children and to achieve immediate and sustain lasting change. Even though complementary feeding is a global practice, the practice differs between individuals, socioeconomic class and cultures. Some caregivers may start complementary feeding before six months, some may give soft drinks or teas to infants for personal reasons or due influence of siblings or peers. Good complementary foods should not include drinks and beverages or feeds that are not nutrient and calorie dense, nutrient inhibitors and should easy to digest. It should be rich in essential micronutrients and
During one of my shifts on postpartum I was helping a nurse look after a mom with her first baby. She really wanted to be able to breastfeed but she was having a lot of troubles getting her baby to latch on. It was a Saturday and there was no lactation consultant working who could come in to help her. Her baby was also small for gestational age, so she did have risk for hypoglycemia, making it really important for her baby to be feeding to ensure her blood sugars would not drop. After each attempt at breastfeeding and being unsuccessful, the mom would look very upset. The nurse tried to help her by showing her different breastfeeding positions and techniques and teaching her to express her milk and put it in the baby’s mouth. The
Group sessions on Healthy Toddler Nutrition have been set up. The Nutrition Society plays a key role in the development of these methodologies. Food refusal is a major problem that has evolved, so nutritionists have adopted an approach of setting up home visits to support families with their child's eating problems. "Sure Start" centres have been set up also by the Nutrition Society for mothers to be educated on basic food issues. Technological advances have also aided the role of nutritionists.
Statistics show that infants aged one-two months old (fed on breast-milk) ideally take on the following amounts of nutrients per day as an estimated intake; boys 526 (kcal), and girls 478 (kcal). At four months old soft foods are introduced, steadily increasing the nutrients for the rest of the infancy stage. The next stage of development is childhood, at one-three years