Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes BRCA1 and BRCA2

BRCA1 and BRCA2 Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer. Retrieved November 19, 2000 from the World Wide Web: Http://www.geneclinics.org/profiles/brca1/ National Action Plan on Breast Cancer. (September 5, 1996). State of the Science on Hereditary Breast Cancer and Genetic Testing. Retrieved November 19, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://www.napbc.org/napbc/state.htm Transmed Network.

Breast Cancer Chromosome 17 and BRCA1 Among the most common diseases affecting the female population, breast cancer develops in one of every eight American women. This means that almost 200,000 women suffer from the disease each year. Doctors would advise women to take necessary precautions, such as routine surveillance, in order to ensure a life without obtaining this disease prior to understanding any genetic linkage of breast cancer. Although many external factors contribute to breast cancer, current investigations reveal that five to ten percent of these cases may be attributed to genetic inheritance (Lynch, 1999). This knowledge, an ingenious finding by Mary-Claire King in 1990, linked breast cancer to the long-arm of chromosome 17 (Biesecker, 1997).

The purpose of this essay is to identify the processes through which breast cancer cells develop and to discuss the pathology and methods diagnosing as well as various treatments available. Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among American women, producing more than forty thousand fatalities annually Mohammad et al. The malignant tumors are made up of different sets of observable sets of characteristics that resulted from the interactions between the various breast cancer cells genotype and the environment. Mohammad et al. used samples in which breast cancer cells from human donors were grown in mice with depressed immune system.

According to the American Cancer Society, Each year, more than 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer; furthermore Twelve percent of all women will contract the disease, and 3.5% of them will die from breast cancer (American Cancer Society, 2005). There are risk factors that may lead to breast cancer. There are 4 stages of breast cancer and several treatments, although treatments vary from types and stages of breast cancer. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women who are 40 to 55 years old (Breast Cancer, 2009).Cancer occurs when cells divide uncontrollably. It changes from a normal cell to cancerous cells that require gene alterations.

"Newly Synthesized Compound Can Inhibit Development of Precancerous Cells." http://www.ag.uiuc.edu/~ffh/vitamind.htm. "Perceptions of Breast Cancer Risk and Screening Effectiveness in Women Younger Than 50 Years of Age." http://cancernet.nci.nih.gov/jnci/issue10/87-720.html. "Risk Factors for Breast Cancer."

Walsh T, Casadei S, Coats KH, et al. Spectrum of mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, and TP53 in families at high risk of breast cancer. JAMA 2006; 295(12):1379–1388. "BRCA1 & BRCA2: Cancer Risk & Genetic Testing." BRCA1 and BRCA2: Cancer Risk and Genetic Testing.

Neoplasia. 6:603-10. Yoeli-Lerner, M., G.K. Yiu, I. Rabinovitz, P. Erhardt, S. Jauliac, and A. Toker. 2005. Akt blocks breast cancer cell motility and invasion through the transcription factor NFAT.

This may not seem serious by the promotions and jokes that these organizations pull support from, but don’t forget the millions of people who have breast cancer. Breast cancer affects, approximately, an eighth of all American women in their lifetime. What is cancer? Cancer is a disease where cells become abnormal and lose the ability to control division. These cells divide infinitely and begin to invade other cells (kids info bits, 1).

According to the American Cancer Society, Every year, more than 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer; furthermore Twelve percent of all women will contract the disease, and 3.5% of them will die from breast cancer (American Cancer Society, 2005). There are risk factors that may lead to breast cancer. There are 4 stages of breast cancer and several treatments, although treatments vary from types and stages of breast cancer. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women who are 40 to 55 years old (Breast Cancer, 2009).When cells divides it causes cancer which then changes from an normal call to what’s called a cancerous cell that requires gene alterations. The uncontrolled growth and alter genes is what causes tumors to form.

This is a tumor suppressor gene that acts as a check point in cellular proliferation. A mutation in the p53 gene is the most common genetic change that is linked to breast cancer (Clark, 2005). The breasts are very sensitive to developing breast cancer because of a few reasons. First is that every female has the hormone estrogen which naturally stimulates breast cell division. These cellular divisions can increase ... ... middle of paper ... ...eated?