1. Introduction to breast cancer
1.1 What is breast cancer?
Cancer is a state where cells become abnormal and grow in an uncontrolled way.[1] Breast cancer is when the cancer starts from the tissue in the breast, forming a mass of tissue known as malignant tumour.[1,19,20] Cancer cells are possible to spread to other body parts and can cause death. Benign tumours are abnormal tissue growth that are non-cancerous and do not spread to other parts of the body. [1,19,20] There are two kinds of breast cancer: lobular carcinoma- cancer that begins in breast glands that produces milk; and ductal carcinoma – cancer that begins in the milk ducts of the breast. [1,5,19,20] Breast cancer is categorised into 4 stages, which Stage I, II (A or B), III (A, B, or C), or IV. The stages of breast cancer are determined by the size of the tumour and if the cells have spread to other parts of the body.[5]
“Early stage“ breast cancer refers to Stages I, IIA, IIB, and IIIA and commonly refers to cancer that may have spread to nearby lymph nodes but not distant parts of the body. [1,19,20]
1.1.1 Breast cancer worldwide
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and cause of mortality in women, with an estimated 1.4 million new cases each year. [18] Breast cancer has been reported to affect 0.095% of Western Europe population, 0.092% of North Americans, and about 0.085% of Australian/New Zealand population, making the top three affected countries in the world.[2] In countries such as USA and the UK, it is reported that one in eight woman are at risk of developing breast cancer. [2,18]
Figure 0. Breast Cancer Incidence Worldwide
In Australia, the number of cases is multiplying. In 2009, the number of new cases of breast cancer in women rose to 13,...
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...with zoledronic acid as compared with those who received endocrine therapy without zoledronic acid, was higher.[12,14] However, these events are considered as mild and for those serious adverse events that happened in less than 10% of the patients, there were no significant differences between groups.[12,14]
Conclusion:
From the results that were found from all the trials conducted, it is safe to say that zoledronic acid is beneficial to all patient users. Despite having adverse effects from this drug, but the benefits of improving the 5 year OS rates have surely outweigh the acceptable drug toxicity profile. Zoledronic acid therefore should be included as a adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer. However, further studies should be performed to identify specific subgroups that may encounter a higher level of substantial benefit from the use of zoledronic acid.
others but we all have them. Breast cancer could be one of those struggles whether male or female. Breast cancer is not just something that a woman can get like most people believe. Anyone can get it. In this essay you will about what breast cancer is, some symptoms, how it is treated, and my personal experience with it. Most people do not know what breast cancer is they just know that it is cancer in the breast. What is breast cancer? According to the National Cancer Institute at the National Institute
Breast cancer is a type of cancer originates from breast tissue, generally from the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules that supply the ducts with milk. Cancers originating from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas whereas from ducts are called ductal carcinomas. (Ref: Breast Cancer, National Cancer Institute) Invasive breast cancer is breast cancer that has spread from the point of origin in the breast ducts/lobules to the surrounding normal tissue cells. In exceptional cases, breast cancer
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In this paper, I will clarify what Breast Cancer is. I will explain the symptoms, treatment options, and other useful information regarding this disease. The first thing to know about Breast Cancer is understanding what it is. According to the Cancer.org website, breast cancer begins when cells in the bosom begin to spread out of control. The tumor that is formed from these cells may be detected on an x-ray or can be felt as a lump. Malignancy can advance into neighboring tissues or trickle to distant
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