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Risk factors of breast cancer essay
Risk factors of breast cancer essay
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About 12% of women in the United States will develop breast cancer in their lifetime, more than any other type of cancer (www.breastcancer.org, 2015). Many people lack the knowledge of how breast cancer is developed. Some people think they will not get cancer because they do not smoke cigarettes, but this is not the only cause of cancer developing in the breast. Anyone can get cancer. Everyone is potentially at risk for developing some form of Cancer (American Cancer Society, 2015).
Some risk factors cannot be changed such as age, race, and gender. A person 's risk increases as they get older. Approximately 1 out of 8 women are at risk of developing breast cancer are younger than 55. Approximately 2 out of 3 women are at risk of developing breast cancer who are older than 55 (American Cancer Society, 2014). To decrease this rate, women need more timely follow ups and access to high quality treatments (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Men can develop breast cancer, but this disease is more common among women than men. (American Cancer Society, 2015).
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Genetics or family history of breast cancer in a one first-degree relative with breast cancer doubles a woman’s risk. Having two first degree relatives rises a woman’s risk by three times. A person’s personal history who have had one breast with cancer is three to four times as likely of developing a new cancer. White women are slightly more likely to develop breast cancer than are African-American women, but African-American women are more likely to die from this cancer. However in women under 45 years of age, breast cancer is more common in African-American
At this point in time, scientists and doctors have yet to discover the specific causes for breast cancer. However, what is known are the different risk factors that may trigger or put women more at danger of acquiring this disease. Aged women who have experienced menopause are more vulnerable at containing this disease. Women are also more at risk if breast cancer is common within their family because it is hereditary. In addition, smoking and drinking are other factors that can put women at risk as well (Stephan, 2010). Obesity in particular is a huge risk factor. Women who are overweight, especially those who have a thicker upper body, are more likely to develop malignant cancers in the breast than a healthy woman (Vona-Davis and Rose, 2009).
In addition to being responsible for 87% of lung cancers, smoking is also associated with cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, pancreas, uterine cervix, kidney, and bladder. Smoking accounts for at least 29% of all cancer deaths, is a major cause of heart disease, and is associated with conditions ranging from colds and gastric ulcers to chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and cerebrovascular disease. Women have a better chance in getting lung cancer then men do. This year the disease will kill 68,000 women in the United States, more than one and a half times as many as breast cancer. Even if a woman smoked for awhile and quit, her chances are much greater then a man that smoked 2 times longer then the woman did.
Breast Cancer is a disease that can sometime lead to ovarian cancer and has caused a lot of women’s death. “About five to ten percent of breast cancer cases are thought to be hereditary, meaning that they result from gene defects called mutations inherited from a parent”. Related Risks early menstruation, oral contraceptives and child bearing 20 percent. (1)An environmental risk is that toxins can damage breast DNA. Over time damaged DNA can lead to cancer. Your risk of developing breast cancer increases as you get older. “1 of 8 breast cancer are found when women are younger than 45. 2 of 3 breast cancer are found in women age 55 years or older 75 percent greater chance”.(1) Breast Cancer can lead Peutz Jeghers syndrome the effects of Peutz Jeghgers is spots on your lips and in their mouths. Women with no children or who had a child after age 30 have slightly higher breast cancer risk. “Screening for breast cancer is early diagnosis increases chance of survival and annual mammogram after age 40”. Women who took Diethylstilbestrol while pregnant could have a slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer. Birth control peals also cause higher risks 40 to 50 percent for breast cancer risk calms down after they have stopped taking them.(1) Using combined hormone therapy after menopause increase the risk of getting breast cancer , it also increase women chances of dying from it. If you are over weight or obese after menopause greatly increase breast cancer risk 20 percent. Drinking alcohol can cause a major effect for you to start developing breast cancer the risk increase the more you drink. Tobacco smoke, Night work, Antiperspirants, Bras and Induced abortion. Breast cancer takes a lot of toll on women and men of all races and...
Breast cancer is the top cancer in women both in the developed and the developing countries [133] and it is one of the major reasons for the increase in mortality among middle aged women especially in developed countries [58]. If it is detected and diagnosed in early stages of development, it will increase the possibility of successful treatment and chances for complete recovery of the patient. Mammography screening programs have reduced mortality rates by 30-70% [111]. In mammography images, ...
Breast cancer is the most common cancer to affect women, and is the second highest cause of their mortality(Pegg 14 Introduction). The good thing is, because of mammography, breast cancer mortality has decreased in the U.S. by nearly 40% since 1990(Mammography Saves Lives). Mammography is medical imaging that uses x-rays to see inside the breasts and is used for detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Having an annual mammogram is important and could really save lives. In fact, it is recommended by the American College of Radiology and the Society for breast imaging that women receive mammograms annually starting at age 40(Mammography Saves Lives).
According to Breast Cancer Statistics, Breast cancer usually occurs in women between the ages of 35 and 65, even though fifty percent of all breast cancer is of women sixty-five and older (Breast Cancer Statistics, 2008). Although the cause of cancer is unknown, there are factors that increase the chances of getting it. These facto...
There are many different reasons that woman maybe at a higher risk for breast cancer than other woman. Family history is risk factors that increase a woman’s likelihood of getting breast cancer. What this means is if a woman is in a family where this disease is common among female or even males they are at a higher risk for being diagnosed with breast cancer than someone who is in a family where breast cancer is not common. If the relative that has this disease is one that is very close meaning they are either a sister, mother, or daughter the likelihood that said person will also contract the disease is then doubled. This is mainly due to the fact that in close relations you are able to inherit the genes BrcA-1 or BrcA-2, these genes are mutation genes that play a role in controlling the growth of cancer cell. Only a small portion of women inherit this gene about 1 in 500 to be exact, however when they do inherit this gene they have a 80% chance of developing breast cancer in their lifetime. This gene causes woman to develop cancer at a younger age usually before the time they hit menopause. Also, women with this gene have a greater risk of developing cancer in both breasts which is called bilateral breasts cancer. This is due to the fact that once the cancer develops in one breast the risk for developing it in the other breast increases. (“Breast Cancer”) "About 5 to 10% of breast cancer is hereditary, passed from one generation to the next via a variety of mutated genes". (Port 95-105) Lastly,
Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue. The signs of breast cancer might include a change in the breast size, dimpling of the skin on your body, a lump in the breast, fluid coming from the breast nipple, or ever red patchy skin around the breast. When the breast cancer spreading, there might be swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, yellow skin or bone aches. Women in the U.S. have a 1 in 8 chance of evolving an aggressive form of breast cancer during their lifetime. When breast cancer is aggressive, it starts in the breast glands but grows into breast tissue. There are many treatments of breast cancer, there is no cure found yet. However they are effective treatments out there to handle breast cancer patients. Breast cancer treatments will depend on what type of breast cancer you have developed, also where your cancer has spread. The breast cancer patient would work with their doctor to come up with a plan that 's best for them to improve their health. There is two types of aggressive cancer, one is the ductal carcinoma. This is the most type of cancer a lot of breast cancer patients have, making up about 80%. Cancer cells start in a milk canal, break through the walls, and invade breast tissue. It can continue constrained, which mean that it stays around where the tumor was first started. On the other hand cancer cells may spread anywhere in the body. Invasive lobular carcinoma is about 10% of aggressive breast cancers. Dealing with ILC most women feel a thickening around or in their breast instead of a lump in their breast. Sadly some women might have signs of the combination of both. These are most asked questions with dealing with aggressive cancer. Like what upsurges the...
Breast cancer is a cancer that arises in the tissues of the breasts. It is a leading cause of death in women in the western countries. A woman’s chance of developing breast cancer increases much more if the cancer runs in her family i.e., it is hereditary and hence can be inherited from our family. Breast cancer can also develop in males, but is very rare. About 1% breast cancer develop in males.
Skravanek, P. (1988). The debate over mass mammography in Britain: Br Med J; 297: 1542.
As defined by Majure, breast cancer is an “uncontrolled growth of abnormal breast cells” (Majure: 110). It is also one of the cancers that women fear the most. Not only do women get diagnosed with breast cancer, men do too. However, it isn't as bad, or as common, in men as it is in women so doctors don’t recommend screening for men. In the U.S more than one thousand men get affected by breast cancer every year and about two hundred thousand women are affected by breast cancer every year. Women are most likely to get diagnosed with it in their forties and fifties while some may be diagnosed with breast cancer in their twenties, if they started their menstrual cycles at an early age like 14. Typically, men are diagnosed with breast cancer in their sixties or seventies.
It all started on a bright morning of summer fun. I woke up, brushed my teeth and got ready to begin the day. My mother, Celine who is a beautiful, loud, hard-working women I look up to. She is working for Union Bank and has been for the past 7 years. My mom came up to me and asked if I would like to go with her at an event she was attending that day and without hesitation I said “of course mom I would love to”.
Just as genetic factors take place in the risk factors of breast cancer, environmental factors have also caused an impact. The word environmental can include many things. There are many myths out there that about the causes of breast cancer that people believe. When it comes to factors of breast cancer, “Examples may include exposures that are passive (such as sunlight or secondhand smoke) and those that are active (such as eating fruits and vegetables or drinking alcohol) (“Facts”). Many women avoid eating certain foods or doing certain things with the fear of developing the harmful disease. Most of the women that have been diagnosed with breast cancer, have none of the so-called known environmental risk factors, like late menopause, having
In a study done by Miller et al. (2014) women were separated into a mammography and control group. The mammography group received annual mammograms while the control group did not. The study was conducted over a five year screening period with 666 invasive breast cancers diagnosed in the mammography group and 524 in the control. Of these, 180
You never know when this disease will hit you or someone important in your family. Most people tend to think it is only genetic, but my mom proved that to be wrong, as no one in her family ever had breast cancer. It is a well known fact that breast cancer is genetic. About 5% to 10% of breast cancers are thought to be hereditary caused by abnormal genes passed from parent to child (Roth 14). But what people don’t usually tend to know is that you can get breast cancer regardless if it runs in your family or not. Breast cancer can even be devel...