Brassica rapa Growth and Survival in Intra- and Interspecific Environments
Camron D. Matteson
Abstract
All plants grow with some sort of competition for resources because they all grow in close proximity and this experiment works to determine which type is better: interspecific or intraspecific. The hypotheses was that the plants would better survive in intraspecific competition due to the possibility of the plants forming a colony-like association and that the competition with other plants (interspecific) would have a negative effect. Brassica rapa was grown in three types of competition: no-competition, intraspecific competition, and interspecific competition versus Raphnus sativa. These three treatments were used to determine variations in the growth in each type of competition. The plants’ survival rate, leaf width, and fruit number were measured to determine which treatment works best. The intraspecific treatment was only slightly less effective than the control groups (no-competition) for both survival rate and leaf width while the
If resources are in excess of the plant’s needs, then no matter how close the plants are, they will not compete for the resources (Went 1973). More often than not, plants must compete for these resources, which has an effect on their growth and survival. Lack of resources cause plants to inhibit growth, which results in plants having a reduced size and lower fitness or reproductive abilities (Went 1973). Plants undergo either interspecific or intraspecific competition. Interspecific competition is the competition between individuals of different species while intraspecific competition is between individuals of the same species. The intraspecific environment will cause the plants to have a lower growth rate than the no-competition solution, but will still grow well because plants will share or ration resources like a colony (Went
Many variations and species of plants can be found all around the world and in different habitats. These variations and characteristics are due to their adaptations to the natural habitat surrounding them. In three of many climatic zones, the arid, tropical and temperate zone, plants that vary greatly from each other are found in these locations. In this experiment, we’ll be observing the connection between the adaptations of the plants to their environment at the Fullerton Arboretum. The arboretum is a space containing numerous plants from different environments. The plants are carefully looked after and organized into their specific habitat. Therefore, we’ll be able to take a look at the plants within multiple
The purpose of our experiment was to test whether or not the Wisconsin Fast Plants, or Brassica rapa, followed the Mendelian genetics and its law of inheritance. First, after we crossed the heterozygous F1 generation, we created an F2 generation which we used to analyze. After analyzing our results, we conducted a chi-square test for for both the F1 and F2 generations to test their “goodness of fit”. For the F1 generation we calculated an x2 value of 6.97, which was greater than the value on the chi-square table at a p-value of 0.05 and 1 degree of freedom (6.97 > 3.84). This meant that we had to reject our hypothesis that stated there would be no difference between the observed and expected values. This showed us that the F1
Each plant species has a unique pattern of resource allocation that is genetically determined but not fixed. Plants can adjust there allocation pattern when they experience different environments and the presence of other species. Phenotypic plasticity goes hand in hand with resource allocation as well. When a plant has to adjust itʻs resource allocation, sometimes it uses itʻs resources to help the plant grow different characteristic so that the plant can have a greater chance of living in the environment. For example, if a plant from an environment that does not experience wind on the regular basis enters a new environment that has a lot of wind the plant may change itʻs resource allocation and spend more of itʻs resources growing deeper
Furthermore, as the Liliaceae family is primarily ornamental they have a significant commercial value i...
Introduction: When plants reproduce, size is highly correlated with reproductive output (Samson and Werk,1986). The struggle for reproductive survival among plants is the struggle to grow in the face of competition from neighbors. So the question this experiment asks is how competition affects the growth of plants. A plant growing in a nutrient-abundant environment free from competition will exhibit maximum growth potential and seed production (Watkinson,1983). But as the plant density increases and available resources become more limited, the decision must be made between continued growth or producing viable seed. I hypothesize that as Helianthus plant proximity becomes tighter, plant size and stem length will be effected negatively. For now my null hypothesis will be that plants grown in isolation will exhibit the same size and stem length as Helianthus plants grown under intraspecific competition.
1Germination can be defined as the process of seeds, develop into new plants. In spite of being changeable according to its species, there environmental conditions that needs to be supplied such as temperature, ph and sunlight.1The first process is when water is plentiful, the seed fills with water in a process called imbibiton. In this process seed starts to grow a root. As the plant grows leaves to obtain sunlight. After this point, plant will continue to develop and make its own food by photosynthesis. In order to grow a plant stronger and faster, over the time, people developed different ways. One of these ways is applying fertillizer directly to the plant. Fertillizer is mostly beneficial and widely used so that plants may
The reason the plant will grow taller and at a faster rate is because of the properties that plant food has. Plant food provides crucial nutrients to the plant that will make it stronger. It also gives the plant energy to
Background: This investigation involves with dependents of plants around the world growing constantly. Recently, plants have been growing at a slow ate without any sunlight. According to scientists, plants are now growing without light and effects the development stages. The longer the measurement of the seeds to bloom, the longer the estimating growth rates between 2 weeks to 2 months to evolve.
The authors of this article are David Tilman and Jason Hill. David Tilman is a Regents Professor and McKnight Presidential Professor of Ecology at the University of Minnesota. Tilman is interested in “the benefits that society receives from natural and managed ecosystems and in the ways to assure environmental and social sustainability in the face of global increases in human consumption and population.” He has also written many scholarly articles and books on resource and plant competition and on biofuels. Tilman is very knowledgeable in his field of study; therefore, we can most certainly take his word for everything he talks about in this article.
Competition occurs between any organisms living in a mutual habitat. Whether it is for food, water, shelter, or a mate, competition can be harmful or helpful to each organism. There are two basic types of competition; intraspecific and interspecific. These terms refer to competition within a specific species and the competition between different species, respectively. In this lab, we conducted 3 basic experiments. Our goal was to observe the effects of the competition in each instance.The first one was to observe the intraspecific competition between the wheat plant species, the second was for the intraspecific competition between the mustard plant species. The third was the interspecific competition of the wheat and mustard species together. The latter experiment's data was divided into two sub groups of high density and low density, for purposes of graphing Dewitt diagrams. Dewitt diagrams are a way of expressing % yield and total productivity data so it can be evaluated and compared effectively.
Competition is always over the supply of a limited resource. There are two types of competition: intraspecific and interspecific. Intraspecific is competition between the same species. This is usually beneficial to the species as a whole because it results in the best fit organism. Interspecific is competition between different species and is known to be detrimental to both species. There are three principles that apply to competition. Competition exclusion principle is when two species live together and occupy the same niche and eventually one species will out compete the other and replace it in that environment. The second principle is niche overlap which means that when two species live together over a large area one species will replace the other in part of that area. The last principle, character displacement, is when two species live together and initially occupy the same niche they may evolve to become different over time in order to avoid competition. When more than one species occupy the same niche and are very similar it is common for one of them to become specialized in that area. For example if two birds are eating the same food one may develop a different beak over time in order to hunt for a different food.
The Brassica rapa plants were bred to live in the colder states of America, such as Michigan and Wisconsin. Up there they have very few times it is actually warm enough for plant growth. So to take advantage of those few short moments, Dr. Williams bred a ...
It is hypothesized that as plants in small spaces compete for space, the plants compensate by reducing individual stem weight and frequency of bud formation as density increases. This would be intraspecific competition. A factor is density-dependent when it kills more of a population at higher densities and less at lower densities (Stilling 2002). The factor of competition between individual plants of the same species would be considered density dependent.
It is a relationship where organisms compete for food, shelter, water, mate, minerals and etc. In competition, no organism is benefiting and every organism is harming, therefore there is no winner in competition. Intra and inter competitions are the two subcategory that makes up competition. Intra specific competition is an interaction in ecology, where the members of the same species compete for limited resources and inter specific competition is an interaction between different species competes for a shared resource. In the lab, intra specific competition was growing alfalfas, oats and tomatoes within own species. The same species of plants competed for the resources in soil that is essential to grow. Even within intra specific competition, the number of plants planted in the same pot made the difference in rigorousness of competition because the same species of plants are competing for limited resources, therefore higher number of plants planted in the same pot means less resources per plants. Similar to intra specific competition, inter specific competition competed for nutrients in soil, however, this time different species competed for a shared resources and there is always a superior competitor and inferior competitor in inter specific competition due to different species competing. The superior competitor can uptake more resource than the inferior
Asexual propagation is the process through which reproduction without passage through the seed cycle occurs. The advantages of asexual propagation are that it preserves genetic makeup, propagates seedless plants, disease control, rapid production, the plants are identical, cheaper, faster and easier reducing or avoiding juvenility. The disadvantages of asexual propagation are that it increases disease and insect susceptibility, plants are bulky, and the mother plants could become contaminated. The goal of this experiment was to determine the development of adventitious roots and shoots, and observe these plants over a period of five weeks. Due to auxin being produced in the tip, tip cuttings should root faster than any other cuttings. Auxin is a plant hormone that is responsible for cell elongation and enlargement, root formation, and growth. There are two forms of auxins; phototropism, which is produced in the tip and moves downward on the side away from the light and gravitropism, which is where plant roots grow downward and plant shoots grow upward.(Plant Auxin 201...