Brain oxidative stress due to mobile phone radiation
Free radicals are highly reactive molecules with unpaired electrons in their outer orbit. Free radicals derived from oxygen are known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are continuously neutralized by a system of antioxidants (Desai et al., 2009).
The brain appears to be especially vulnerable to free radicals. Although the brain represents only 2% of the body weight in humans, it utilizes 20% of the oxygen supply of the body (Clarke and Sokoloff, 1999). This may lead to the production of a large quantity of ROS during oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, some brain areas are rich in iron (Korkmaz et al., 2008), which can catalyze the formation of ROS. The brain also has a high concentration of lipids with unsaturated fatty acids that are prone to
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(2013) found that exposure of Wistar rat brain to EMR (9.9 GHz/W/kg) 2 h/day for 35 days induced significant increases in Ca2+ efflux and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, accompanied by a significant decrease in protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Furthermore, the authors reported that exposure to 2.45 GHz/0.11 W/kg, 2 hours daily for 35 days led to oxidative stress and DNA damage in the brain, while a significant decrease in PKC activity and increase in apoptotic cells were evident in the hippocampus after exposure to 900 MHz/ 0.9 W/kg for 45 days. When the authors exposed rats to 2.45 GHz/0.14 W/kg for 45 days, increased caspase-3 and calcium ion concentration and decreased melatonin were observed. These so-called ‘‘calcium effects’’ raised the possibility that nonthermal EMR can stimulate multiple Ca2+-dependent signaling cascades in living cells through the increase in intracellular Ca2+ spiking (Dutta et al., 1989; Paulraj et al., 1999; Rao et al., 2008). Therefore, neurons could be affected by mobile phone radiation at the cellular level (Mausset et al., 2001; Salford et al., 2003; Mausset et al., 2004; Manikonda et al.,
The accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria because of inefficient removal of damaged mitochondria (mitophagy) causes an increase in free radical leakiness and the cycle of oxidative damage to the bio molecules and thus helping in apoptosis. [3]
To start off, radiation from cell phones affect the activity of brain cells when it is held close to the side of the head. According to the article, “Cell Phones May Be Carcinogenic Hazards” by Danielle Dellorto, researchers have found that just after 50
Several of the most active areas of research in risk reduction and prevention include cardiovascular factors, physical fitness, and diet. Any damage to blood vessels could cause damage to the brain. This is because the brain is link to these blood vessels. Regular physical exercise increases blood and oxygen flow to the brain which increases the health of the brain. Eating healthy has an effect on heart health which links to brain health. This diet includes little red meat and more of vegetables and produce, as well as fish, nuts, and other healthy
Oxygen is an essential component for cellular metabolic processes. As a result of normal cellular metabolism, oxidative products i.e. oxygen free radicals or reactive oxygen species are produced. In eukaryotic cells energy is generated in mitochondria as a result of aerobic respiration and this oxidative metabolism is responsible for formation of various compounds. Nearly all of these compounds are advantageous but a small proportion could be lethal if produced in higher concentration. During normal conditions small quantities of oxidative products are necessary for certain sub cellular events, including enzyme activation, formation of disulfide bond during the folding of new proteins, signal transduction and gene expression etc. (Yu etal., 2002; Droge, 2002). Oxidative stress can be defined as the excessive production of ROS which are not adequately removed from the body, because of reduced antioxidant defense system or the ROS increases beyond the capacity of antioxidants. The balance between oxidants and antioxidants is vital because oxidative stress can cause oxidative damages to N.A, lipids and proteins. The most important ROS are superoxide anion (O2−), singlet oxygen (O2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and highly reactive hydroxyl radical (OH-). Whereas, antioxidant defense system is responsible to give protection against ROS. These antioxidants can scavenge and destroy ROS. The major antioxidant enzymes are catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) PON ….. and glutathione system (Sies, 1985; Valko et al., 2007; Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1990).
...inoic acid is a possible way to decrease the oxidative stress levels in the brain.
Additional experiments could be performed in order to enhance the relevance and accuracy of the current study. According to the authors, it is necessary to “reveal how the NH2 20-22 kDa tau fragment targets AD mitochondria and if and how it actually impairs the mitochondrial physiology” (2). I would also be interested in researching how nutrition and lifestyle play a role in treatment and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease.
The dangers of the electromagnetic can be low on danger and high on danger. Depending on the amount of how much the body absorbs verifies the lethality of the EMFs.
Radiation has many benefits for humans, but too much of any type of radiation can be harmful. For example, the sun gives off infrared radiation, or heat, as well as visible light, another type of electromagnetic radiation. These ...
It is caused by clot that blocks blood vessels from supplying blood to the brain through cerebrovascular events. If there is no blood in the brain, then there is no oxygen or nutrients because it is blood that supplies it to the brain. This can cause permanent brain damage which can cause inflammation. Fasting has there been known to be effective and efficient against stroke because it increases cognitive functioning and health of the brain. In addition, fasting has been known to increase neuro-protective proteins and reduction in inflammatory substance known as cytokines. This is critical reducing the chances of damaging the brain that can cause
It is undeniable that cellular technology has become main stream. “It was estimated that there were 92 million cell phone users in the US, a number growing by one million every month.” (Frumkin, Jacobson, Gansler & Thun 2001). The arrival and widespread use of cell phones has peaked interest of the health effects of radiofrequencies in the human body.
The hydroxyl radical is the most important reactive species responsible for the destruction of the organic pollutant.
Stress has various effects on the body, both psychological and physiological. Stress can have positive effects on the body and can be beneficial, but frequent stress will eventually cause negative effects on the body.
Cell phones are devices that emit radio frequency electromagnetic waves commonly referred to as RF-EMW (Brossner, Davoudi, and Kuber 19). Signals are transmitted through these waves from cellular devices to large antennas and centralized base stations (19). Studies show that excessive cell usage of four or more hours daily can affect male fertility greatly (19). The reproductive system of men is super sensitive and compartmentalized (19). Exposure to electromagnetic waves and currents may have some effect on count of sperm and motility (19). This is due to sperms electrically active cellular nature (19).
Health Risks of Cell Phones Health risks have started to be associated with radiation exposure from certain technological devices. Cell phones are popular in society today. Ever since the discovery of the device back in the late 1900’s, people have been interested in what they can do. Over the years cell phones have developed into bigger and better objects. Researchers have helped to make cell phones appealing to all ages in society. Cell phones have become easier to use because of the size, shape, and way they are now made. Back in the late 1900’s cell phones were large and bulky, and a person could only talk to someone. Now a day’s people can call and text a person, and see what someone is up to. One thing that has become popular to teenagers,
Cell phones are one of the greatest inventions in the world. We can imagine how life would be without cell phones. Cell phones are very handy; it can make our communication easier. Also cell phones can provide us with everything, like relaxing with music, browsing the internet, chatting on social networking sites or playing games. Unfortunately cell phones are not risk free. Using cell phones involve emission of EMR electromagnetic radiation, which is a dangerous sort of energy wave, is produce by modern appliances that surround us in everyday lives. The worst causes of EMR are cell phones. These days especially children are getting addicted to cell phones. When you are talking on your phone, there are microwaves going through your head. There has been a study on the development of brain tumors and the amount of time you take on the phone due to radio waves. However, people do not realize the consequences and negative effects cell phones cause. It causes diseases and disorders and other harmful damages to our body and health. Nevertheless, cell phones are also not dangerous.