Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a personality disorder characterized by patterns of ongoing instability in moods, behavior, self-image, and functioning. An individual suffering from this disorder may act impulsively and experience unstable relationships (National Institute of Mental Health, 2016). The term Borderline Personality Disorder stems from the idea that the characteristics of this disorder fall between anxiety and psychosis (Cacioppo & Freberg, 2016). According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness “1.6% of the adult U.S. population have BPD but it may be as high as 5.9%. Nearly 75% of people diagnosed with BPD are women, but recent research suggests that men may be almost as frequently affected by BPD” (2017a, para.
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(Kernberg and Michels, 2009) In the clinical psychiatric population, about 75% of those with the disorder are women. BPD is also significantly heritable, with 42-68% of the variance associated with genetic factors, similar to that of hypertension. BPD can also develop due to environmental factors such as childhood neglect and/or trauma, insecure attachment, and exposure to marital, family, and psychiatric issues. (Gunderson, 2011) Some of the key components of BPD include self-harm, or suicidal thoughts and actions, dichotomous thinking, and low emotional granularity. People that present with reoccurring suicidal thoughts and actions, combined with a fear of abandonment, are commonly diagnosed with BPD.
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Where does borderline personality come from? According to the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual V, the disorder is fifty percent more common in primary relatives than in the general population (American Psychiatry Association, 2013, p. 665). People who have a family member with borderline personality are sixty-five percent more likely to develop the disorder (Gunderson, John, 2011). Detecting the disorder is difficult due to no machine can detect any differences in the brain (Biskin, R. & Paris, J., 2012). Onset of symptoms happen within the first few years of early adultho... ... middle of paper ... ...ersonality disorder: A dysregulation of the endogenous opioid system?
When anxiety becomes an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations, it becomes a disabling disorder (National Institute of Mental Health, 2009). Each year, anxiety disorders affect about 40 million American adults age 18 years and older (National Institute of Mental Health, 2009). There are five major Anxiety Disorders they include Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Panic Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and Phobias. Like anxiety, depression can come in many forms but unlike anxiety, it ... ... middle of paper ... ... gain control of their lives again. Works Cited Cassano, P. Fava, M. (2002).
Young people (18 to 21 years old) are three times more prone to have panic attacks if in addition have psychoticism (antisocial traits as cruelty and rejection of societal norms). This group regularly develops other mental disorders (depression and social phobias) and bad habits (alcohol or drug dependency) that aggravate PD, (Goodwin, Fergusson, & Horwood, 2004). The impact of PD in veterans is usually greater than in any other group. About 2.7% of individuals in a given year will suffer from PD, with occurrence rates of 6.1% to 8.3% among veterans, (Barre... ... middle of paper ... ...hiatry, 54(3), 256-261. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.09.001 Choy, Y. (2008).