Bookkeeping Essay

In our business world, ‘Capital is the lifeblood of every business venture’ (Smith, 2012). Capital can build up company, purchases non – current assets for instance machinery or plant and paid off daily expenses for examples wages, lighting, power etc. Every company needs to have someone to manage the finance by thinking different types finance which are internal short term, internal long term, external short term and external long term financial resources. These are the main four ways which can raise the capital but those sources may relate to different repayment rate and length and the amount will be received. When the owner and manager thinking to apply internal or external financial resources they need to consider Purpose, Amount, Repayment, Interest and Security which is name as PARIS. Purpose is identifying what type of finance are suitable to required, amount is how much should be borrow, repayment is how much and when should the business pay the finance back. Interest is how much is the finance cost and security is the business need put down the business assets or personal household as a deposit before receive any finance. These are the main concepts owner and manager need to remember before apply any type of finance. (Cox and Fardon, 2009) Director and manager need to think effectively for rising capital in an effective way which includes lower repayment and the control of the company. (Gillespie, 2001)

Budgeting is a multi-phased process. For the overall budgeting procedure to be successful, each phase of the process must be executed in the proper manner. Therefore, stringent administrative controls are imperative in the process. If a budget is prepared but no follow-up assessments and evaluations are carried out to establish effectiveness of its implementation, the whole process may go awry and negate the entire purpose of putting the budget in place (Cogan, Timothy, & Allen, 1994). Various types of controls are necessary for a budget to achieve its objectives; these include preventive controls, variance analyses, feedback controls, and internal controls. All these controls must be factored in for the administration and execution of the budget to be effective. Proficient personnel who can identify and mitigate sources of variances in the budget execution process are needed to oversee the process. Allowing the formulated budget to run itself would plunge an organization into a budget crisis. To prevent any such crisis from arising, this paper will look into the features of budget administration/execution that make an organizational budget successful (Lee & Ronald, 1998).

On 11th September 2014 US lawmakers have sent a letter in which they have urged the House of Representatives to preserve cash-flow accounting method. The legislators have stated that the shift towards accrual accounting could be detrimental to businesses that have developed their business strategies on cash basis for years. Their argument in defence of cash accounting was that it allows a firm to have more disposable income at a time, increasing growth possibilities for small businesses. Moreover, being less complex, the method requires less funds to be spent on accounting processes. On the other hand, Fayez Choudhury suggested that government public sector’s cash accounting does not represent the true economic health of the government by

Accounting is basically a service activity. Its purpose is to provide quantitative information that principally used by the managers, investors, tax authorities, and other decision makers to make the financial decisions within companies, organizations, and public agencies. Accounting is also widely known as the “language of business.” An accountant measures, communicates, and interprets financial activities. They prepare financial statements or reports for individuals, businesses, government agencies, or other non-profit organizations. They use the accounting systems to categorize the expenses and income to the typical groups. They also keep tract of the money received or paid out to see if the transactions are accurate and complete. Accountants are familiar with the computer operation. They use the computer...

Managerial accounting has changed over the years. Managerial accounting focuses on more than the financial aspect. We will be looking at how managerial accounting affects the business world today. Business also look to the economy, federal taxes, and the financial market so it can make the best decisions for their business.

Accounting aids the government and organisations in decision making for their financial stability. This numerical data helps solve real life problems and contributes to how the economy and businesses perform.

Accounting in business, follows a particular process either in small scale business or large scale businesses with step by step process. Here is the straight forward procedure of accounting to know the organization current situation.

Introduction Modern information system is now popular all over the world, it also change the accounting area. Instead of the old manual analysis, many companies making effort in developing a fitted accounting information system for themselves, as they realize the advantages that the new technology brings in - more efficient and accurate in processing, integrated data, detailed record etc. However, even though there are so many benefits, the functional system also brings challenges, making new requirements to the accountants and auditors. This paper will discuss the impact of technology to the accounting information system, as well as the necessary capability ethics that the accountants should learn in this 21th century.

Accounting dates back as far as first centuries, is the language of business. As everything has gone through many changes, accounting has also changed many times through out the centuries. It went from the use of abacus to the most advanced softwares, and computers. With these drastic improvements nowadays accounting, financial accounting and management are facing big challenges. From the presentation of the reports to communication to the users, investors, and owners, the accounting field has gained totally a new shape from two decades ago. Today with the dynamic change in every aspect of life, the accounting field has to act fast and be able to adapt these new changes and challenges in order to survive.

Inventory management is defined because a science mostly established art of guaranteeing that just enough inventory share is command with a company to fulfill demand (Coleman, 2000; Jay & Barry, 2006). it's mostly regarding specifying the size and keeping of stacked product. Inventory management is usually needed at completely distinct spots within a service or within multiple spots of a supply network to guard the standard and planned course of production up against the random disruption of running low upon materials or product. The scope of inventory administration also concerns the good lines between replenishment period interval, carrying costs of inventory, asset management, investment forecasting, inventory valuation, selection visibility,