Blood Typing And Blood Types

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Blood typing is a blood group of substances that is present on the surface of red blood cells. The substances are important reason being it contains specific amino acids and carbohydrates which are antigenic. In general there are about 29 different substances on the surface of red blood cells. Taking a look at individual blood type with many different aspects of blood group antigens. Usually only the ABO blood group together with the rhesus D antigen factor is used to describe blood typing. If a recipient were to be exposed to blood group antigen that’s not recognised by the immune system, the recipient, however becomes sensitised and the process of antibodies is produced by the immune system to bind to the specific blood group antigen. During this process a memory is formed by the immune system against this particular antigen as to a second exposure that could arise. The antibodies that are produced binds to the antigens on the surface of the red blood cells, thus leading to the destruction of cells and organ failure. Blood typing is extremely important in identifying appropriate blood for transfusion and tissue organ transplantation.

What is the basis for ABO and Rh incompatibilities?

How do surface antigens relate to blood types?

In this particular discussion we will be comparing the different blood groups and how they are structured in preventing complications.
• Blood group AB has both A and B antigens located on the surfaces of red blood cells, however not located in the blood plasma. This particular blood group may receive blood products from group A or B but not permitting to donate to any other blood groups besides AB.
• Blood group A has A antigens located on the surfaces of r...

... middle of paper ...

...itive for reaction, blood would not be issued until further investigation reveals results. Ideally blood grouping and cross-matching should be accomplished within 40 minutes if no incompatibility found. In the event that incompatible blood detected, blood should be withheld until antigen/antibodies identified. In hospital settings, it is difficult to determine on clinical judgement between transfusion reactions, therefore medical practitioners rely on cute symptoms during transfusion tractions.

Transfusion Reaction
Clinical symptoms
Chills
Fever
Tachycardia
Chest tightness
Lumbar pains
Short of breath
Vomiting/Nausea
Jaundice
Hypotensive

Which group is the universal donor and why?

The universal group is known as O+ or O-, reason being is that this unique group comprises of no agglutinogens, but has anti – A and anti – B antibodies in plasma concentration.

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