High Blood Pressure High Blood Pressure is anything that alters in peripheral vascular resistance, heart rate, or stroke volume that affects systematic arterial blood pressure. Long term effect of high blood pressure are serious and can cause heart attacks, strokes, kidney failure, and retinal damage. Hypertension is another medical word that substitutes the meaning of high blood pressure. It is known as the “silent killer” because it does not create any symptoms. The most common reason for high blood pressure is arteriosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis is the thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries, occurring in old age. Four control systems have a job in maintaining blood pressure. These are the arterial baroreceptor and chemoreceptors’ system, regulation of body fluid volume, the renin- angiotensin system, and vascular autoregulation. Primary hypertension mostly occurs from a defect or malfunction in some or all of these …show more content…
Baroreceptors are sensors in the vascular system that respond to changes in pressure within blood vessels. Baroreceptors are found in the carotid sinus, aorta; the largest artery and the heart’s muscular pumping chamber, and wall of the left ventricle. They monitor the level of arterial pressure and act against in the order to lessen the force in the dilation of blood vessels, which decreases the blood pressure. Chemoreceptors, located in the brain, the two main arteries that carry blood to the head and neck, and aortic body of baroreceptors, are sensitive to changes in concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ions (Ph) in the blood. A decrease in arterial oxygen concentration or Ph causes a reflexive rise in pressure where an increase in carbon dioxide concentration causes a decrease in blood pressure. Ph is the numeric scale used to identify the basicity and acidity of a solution. Basic is on the top of the scale while acid is on the
How does this history of high blood pressure demonstrate the problem description and etiology components of the P.E.R.I.E. process? What different types of studies were used to establish etiology or contributory cause?
In this activity Renal Response to Altered Blood Pressure was recorded. The glomerular capillary pressure and GFR; GFR and pressure increased when both arteriole radii changes were implemented simultaneously with the low blood pressure condition. Increasing the afferent radius had a greater effect than decreasing the efferent radius because there was a greater increase in glomerular pressure.
The Mayo Clinic’s book on High Blood Pressure was full of detailed facts about blood pressure and what it is. This is extremely significant to the experiment because blood pressure is one of the variables being tested. Understanding blood pressure is one of the key components to receiving accurate results from this experiment. Most of the book is on high blood pressure, which is not necessary for the experiment, but the book still had plenty of useful information about blood pressure itself. The book explains that when the heart beats, a surge of blood is released from the left ventricle. It also tells of how arteries are blood vessels that move nutrients and oxygenated blood from the heart to the body’s tissues. The aorta, or the largest artery in the heart, is connected to the left ventricle and is the main place for blood to leave the heart as the aorta branches off into many different smaller
Atherosclerosis is a disease that occurs when arteries become blocked, inflamed, or hardened. As a result of this, blood cannot easily pass through the artery, and blood pressure increases. Many people suffer from atherosclerosis as they age, but young people can be affected by atherosclerosis also. There are many preventative steps that can be taken to decrease the risk of atherosclerosis; however, if atherosclerosis does develop in the arteries, medications can be given to help the individual receive adequate blood flow to important tissues. Atherosclerosis is a very serious condition that requires medical attention and a change in life style because it is a precursor to many dangerous and potentially fatal diseases.
With the heart having low pressure baroreceptors and chemoreceptors will cause an increase in heart rate, because it increases cardiac output. The extreme low pressure will cause tachycardia, because the heart will be pumping faster to try to bring cardiac output back of homeostasis (BOOK, 731).
Cruise control for blood flow to the organs blood can’t remove them fast as they are produced. One of the mechanisms comprises the same metabolic fact as active hyperemia .When arterial pressure reduction decreases blood that flows to an organ, the oxygen running to the organ diminishes causes local extracellular oxygen to lower. Also the blood supply may be constant metabolic activity which happens when there is a decrease of blood flow. Some examples of active hyperemia are eating, exercising and bench
Blood pressure is a measurement of the force against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood through your body. Hypertension is another term used to describe high blood pressure. This common condition increases the risk for heart disease and stroke, two leading causes of death for Americans. High blood pressure contributed to more than 362,895 deaths in the United States during 2010. Approximately 67 million persons in the United States have high blood pressure, and only half of those have their condition under control. An estimated 46,000 deaths could be avoided annually if 70% of patients with high blood pressure were treated according to published guidelines (Patel, Datu, Roman, Barton, Ritchey, Wall, Loustalot; 2014).
Hypertension can be defined as a force exerted against the wall of blood vessels. However, high blood pressure occurs when there is high pressure at the time of ventricle contraction during the systolic phase against decrease contract during diastolic phase as the ventricles relax and refill. This can be recorded as systolic over diastolic in millimeters of mercury. (Wallymahmed, M. 2008).
Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter released by sympathetic nerves (e.g., those innervating the heart and blood vessels) and, within the brain, those of the locus coe...
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) closely parallel the obesity and insulin resistance epidemic. Current U.S. estimates project 70 million obese adults and an additional 70 million with hypertension and/or type II diabetes (28, 42, 45). More so, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), suggest a graded and continuous relationship exists between prevalent hypertension and increasing body mass index (BMI); a metric that is closely associated with insulin resistance and self-identified type II diabetes (8, 34).
Hypertension, a complex multifactorial and polygenic disorder, is a major silent disease affecting young people because of their hereditary and modern lifestyles and it is a major modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. 1 A positive parental history represents a major risk factor for future hypertension in normotensive offspring.2 Several studies have been conducted in the offspring of hypertensive to find the role of genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Cultural, social, physical environments and high dietary intake of salt could further increase the tendency to become hypertensive.3 The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of essential arterial hypertension. Many offspring of hypertensive parents show early changes in their autonomic functions.4 Autonomic abnormality in the form of increased sympathetic tone and early attenuated parasympathetic activity has been demonstrated in young normotensive with parental history of hypertension.5 Another risk factor, obesity is a rapidly growing threat to the healthy population and it is on rise in our society due to socioeconomic developments leading to sedentary life style and faulty dietary habits.6 Weight gain in adolescence and in young adults is one of the potential risk factors for the subsequent development of hypertension. A study on Indian obese young adults demonstrates an autonomic dysregulation in obese subjects.7 A short term Heart Rate Variability (HRV) indices offers a noninvasive, quantitative method of investigating autonomic effects on the heart.8
"Homeostasis - Negative feedback." - Body, Blood, Internal, and Conditions. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 May 2014. .
Throughout history, it seems that medicine and spirituality have been linked in many circumstances. In a study looking at the use of complementary and alternative therapies in cardiac patients, spiritual healing was one of many practices patient sought to utilize. In another study, 29% of participants chose to use prayer or premeditation as a way to cope with their chronic illness. In both studies, prayer or meditation was more likely to be used by individuals who had a large social network, as well as support from another person in the same health situation. Based on these studies, it seems that many individuals (not just cardiovascular patients) turn to their spirituality in times of health distress.
Baroreceptors are stretch receptors located in carotid sinuses in the aortic arch. Baroreceptors receive information about the pressure changes and respond by either stimulating the cardio inhibitory center or cardio acceleratory center, and either stimulating or inhibiting the vasomotor center. Based on the information received from the arteries these receptors can adjust the firing rate of the heart (Lecture). For example, if these receptors sense an expansion in the artery, they will cause more action potentials in the heart, therefore causing more contractions. Baroreceptors also have an effect on the contractility strength because if a pressure increase or decrease is sensed then it will change the cardiac output which will have a direct correlation with the contractile strength of the heart (Pearson E-text 712) Since the baroreceptors can have either a stimulatory or inhibitory effect on the vasomotor center, this can have an effect on the tunica media causing vasodilation or vasoconstriction. these certain kind of receptors stretch and based on whether blood pressure is too low or too high can have an effect on the vasomotor center, which controls vasoconstriction and vasodilation. They can also inhibit the cardiovascular center which controls cardiac output (Pearson E-text 621). Baroreceptors are not meant for long term situations, but they are good for short term
Vicki is a 42-year-old African American woman who was diagnosed with Hypertension a month ago. She has been married to her high school sweetheart for the past 20 years. She is self-employed and runs a successful insurance agency. Her work requires frequent travel and Vicki often has to eat at fast food restaurants for most of her meals. A poor diet that is high in salt and fat and low in nutrients for the body and stress from her job are contributing factors of Vicki’s diagnosis of hypertension. This paper will discuss the diagnostic testing, Complementary and Alternative Medicine treatments, the prognosis for hypertension, appropriate treatment for Vicki, patient education, and potential barriers to therapy that Vicki may experience.