Blood Agents are in a group of chemicals known as “cyanogen agents”. Not all cyanogens agents are blood agents. The three main blood agents are AC (hydrogen cyanide), CK (cyanogens chloride), and SA (Arsine). These agents work by preventing oxygen interaction during cellular respiration. Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanogen Chloride are fast acting and require immediate action to prevent death. Arsine has delayed symptoms and can be more lethal due to unknown exposure.
Hydrogen Cyanide (AC) is known by other names. Some of these names are Cyclone (Russian), Prussic Acid, and Forestite (French). It has the smell of bitter almonds. It is classified as an inhalation hazard (Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds. (2005)).
Physical State: (20oC) Colorless liquid or gas
Boiling Point: 25.7oC
Freezing Point: -13.3oC
AC becomes unstable at temperatures above 65.5oC/150oF. It is very flammable and will form explosive chain polymers if not stored correctly (Cashman, J. R. (2008)).
Its most effective dissemination is by aerial spray. Dissemination by explosion or artillery shell will cause most of the agent to burn off in the explosion. AC will corrode iron, cast iron, chromium steel, and lead. The effects of AC are immediate, initial symptom will be deep breathing while at rest. Hydrogen Cyanide was first used as a chemical warfare agent during World War I (Potential Military Chemical/Biological Agents and Compounds. (2005)).
Severe symptoms include rapid breathing, followed by respiratory failure and cardiac arrest, death will soon follow. This happens in less than a minute after exposure. The immediate action for a Soldiers exposed to blood agents is to mask the Soldiers and get them to medical attention. Once the Soldier is evacuated to a medical aid, the medics should immediately place the patient on a full oxygen treatment, if the casualty is still breathing on their own. There are other treatments for AC poisoning, but these treatments require the use of drugs not normally stocked in a medic’s aid bag. The casualty would need evacuation to a battalion aid station or hospital for proper medical treatment.
Cyanogen Chloride (CK) was in use as an industrial chemical shortly before the outbreak of World War I.
Physical State: (20oC) Colorless liquid or gas
Boiling Point: 12.8oC
Freezing Point: -6.9oC
Cyanogen Chloride will penetrate filter elements of protective masks rapidly. It is the quickest of the blood agents to penetrate the filter element. (Cashman, J.
In Blood In Blood Out is a drama directed by Taylor Hackford, and starring Damian Chapa (Miklo), Benjamin Bratt (Paco), and Jesse Borrego (Cruz), produced by Hollywood Pictures. The film was based off everyday life in East Los Angeles, from the 1970’s through the 1980’s. Damian Chapa stars as Miklo in the film, a Mexican-American who wanted to be accepted, not by his skin but for the Mexican within him. Benjamin Bratt (Paco) was the older cousin of Miklo, who learned his lesson throughout the movie and changed his ways. Jesse Borrego (Cruz) is the step-brother of Paco who was a talent artist, who ended up turning to drugs because of back problems caused by a rival gang incident.
6Mauroni, A. (2014). The U.S. Army Chemical Corps | The Campaign for the National Museum
The physical effect of exposure to dioxin was first seen in skin diseases developed by chemical plant workers in 1895. The exposure to dioxin results in a type of skin disease like acne called "chloroacne," since its cause was initially and incorrectly linked to chlorine gas. In 1957, in Germany, Dr. Karl Schulz of the University of Hamburg identified chloroacne in several workers from a Boehringer chemical plant. The disease in its mildest form resembles teen-age acne but differs in that the blackheads and cyst cluster in two locations: appearing in a crescent shape outside of and under the eyes and ears. In more pronounced cases, pus-containing spots erupt and spread across the rest of the face, neck, shoulder and down to the rest of the body.
Blood Spatter Analyst Forensic science is a key aspect of Criminal Justice that helps rid the streets of lunatics and murderers. One of the most important fields of forensic science is blood spatter analysis. Under the Crime Scene Investigation, analysts gather the information that could eventually lead to a victim’s killer. Basic and complex information can be found when analyzing blood. We can learn what kind of weapon was used, the time of death of a victim, and other important facts that can help a case.
Orange and Cancer"). The chemical was sprayed from airplanes on trees, base perimeters, roadways, and communication lines. It was also sprayed by riverboats and trucks (committee, 74). Agent Orange is a dioxin herbicide containing Dichlorophenoxyacetic and Trichlorophenoxyacetic acids. "Dioxin is the most toxic and most durable chemical mankind has developed so far" ("Vietnamese"). Both acids are highly toxic and considered mutagens ("Toxipedia"). Trichlorophenoxyacetic is considerabl...
The two chemical weapons that were used were: nerve agent and mustard gas. Nerve agent has two main classes that are Class G and Class V. Class V is more new, however less fatal. The specific nerve agent used by the Iraqis is Cyclosarin. Cyclosarin is an extremely toxic substance used as a chemical weapon, which is a member of Class G. Cyclosarin is the most dangerous gas out of both classes. It is known to have a sweet smell and is also flammable unlike other nerve gases. Mustard gas on the other hand is yellow and smells like garlic. Both gases cause death in minutes and have long lasting effects. These can include diseases and other horrible problems. Many of these diseases cannot be cured, for the cells have been damaged and cannot be repaired.
It can kill you! Yeah, this thing is silent and deadly! Colorless and odorless, you never know where it can be leaking from. Can you smell? Nope! Can you taste it? Nahhh! Have you figure it out yet? The thing that might take your life right now, or maybe tonight or maybe tomorrow. No? Well, I’ll be nice and tell you. The poisonous demand that lurk through the air so free and careless is Carbon Monoxide or CO. In this paper, you will learn all what and how it can kill you plus how you can protect yourself from Mr.CO
"Chemical Warfare Agents - Resources on the health effects from chemical weapons, emergency response & treatment, counterterrorism, and emergency preparedness.au.af." Specialized Information Services - Reliable information on toxicology, environmental health, chemistry, HIV/AIDS, and minority health. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 May 2010.
The Agent Orange was a defoliant chemical used by the US in the Vietnam War from 1961 through 1971. This chemical caused a lot of effects too many people. It could have been just a short term effect or a long term effect, it could have killed someone right away or it could have made them suffer then they passed away. This chemical was very dangerous and deadly but was used by the United States military forces.
Poison gas was perhaps the most feared weapon out of all. Created to overcome the long stalemate style of trench warfare, its purpose was to draw out soldiers hiding in the trenches. One side would throw the poison gas into the enemy trenches and they would either wait for their enemy to come out into open fire or perish in the trenches. The first poison gas used in battle was chlorine at the start of the Second Battle of Ypres on April 22, 1915 by the Germans. Shortly after, followed the phosgene. The effects of these gases were ghastly. Chlorine was the most deadly as "within seconds of inhaling its vapor, it destroys the victim's respiratory organs, bringing on choking attacks" (Duffy). Phosgene had similar effects, except the fact that the effects started kicking in after 48 hours of inhalation. In September 1917, the Germans introduced the mustard gas or Yperite which was contained in artillery shells against the Russians at Riga. Those exposed t...
Wallace Terry has collected a wide range of stories told by twenty black Vietnam veterans. The stories are varied based on each experience; from the horrific to the heart breaking and to the glorified image of Vietnam depicted by Hollywood. Wallace Terry does not insinuate his opinion into any of the stories so that the audience can feel as if they are having a conversation with the Vietnam Veteran himself. Terry introduces the purpose of the book by stating, “ Among the 20 men who portray their war and postwar experiences in this book. I sought a representative cross section of the black combat force.”(p. XV) Although the stories in this book were not told in any specific order, many themes became prominent throughout the novel such as religion, social, and health.
Chlorinated hydrocarbon - name it, describe its route of entry, and 1 or 2 health effects
In this experiment, we determined the isotonic and hemolytic molar concentrations of non-penetrating moles for sheep red blood cells and measured the absorbance levels from each concentration. The results concluded that as the concentration increased the absorbance reading increased as well. A higher absorbance signifies higher amounts of intact RBCs. The isotonic molar concentration for NaCl and glucose is 0.3 M. The hemolysis molar concentration for NaCl and glucose is 0.05 M. Adding red blood cells to an isotonic solution, there will be no isotonic pressure and no net movement. The isotonic solution leaves the red blood cells intact. RBC contain hemoglobin which absorbs light, hemoglobin falls to the bottom of the tube and no light is absorbed. Determining the isotonic concentration of NaCl and glucose by finding the lowest molar concentration. In contrast to isotonic molar concentration, hemolysis can be determined by finding the
Cashman, J. (2000). Emergency Response to Chemical and Biological Agents. Boca Raton, FL. Lewis Publishers.
If anthrax were to be used in biological warfare, pulmonary (or inhalation) anthrax would be of greatest concern this is the most lethal form of the disease. If billions of anthrax spores were to be in the air – as could be the case if anthrax were to be unleashed by the explosion of a missile – one would only have to take one or two deep breaths to inhale enough anthrax to cause serious infection.