Bleeding
The most common cause of external bleeding is an injury. Any type of cut, scrape, or fall where blood is coming from an open wound is regarded as external bleeding. The type of blood vessels damaged in a cut determines the speed at which blood is dispersed from the injured area.
External bleeding is divided into three types. Capillary bleeding is the most common type of external bleeding, which occurs when blood oozes from the capillary. It is easiest form of external bleeding to control and is typically not serious.
The second and more serious type of bleeding is venous bleeding, which transpires when a vein has been severed and blood flows steadily. Most veins collapse when cut, which aids in controlling this type of external bleeding until medical attention can be received.
The most serious and last type of external bleeding is arterial bleeding. As the bloods pumps at a faster rate it is less likely to clot, as a result this leads to a large amount of blood loss.
First Aid for bleeding begins by calming and reassureing the victim. Next lay the victim down to reduce the chance of fainting by increasing the blood flow to the brain. Elevate the bleeding area when possible. Clean and remove loose dirt away from the wound. If an object such as a knife, stick, or arrow becomes embedded in the body, do not remove it. Doing so may increase the amount of bleeding and cause more damage. Place gauze and bandages around the object and tape the object in place. Put pressure directly on an external wound with a sterile bandage, clean cloth, or even a piece of clothing. Direct pressure is best for external bleeding, except for an eye injury. Maintain pressure until the bleeding stops. Do not peek at the wound to see if the bleeding has stopped. If bleeding continues and soaks through the material being held on the wound, do not remove it. Simply place another cloth over the first one. Be sure to seek medical attention.
Prevention from bleeding requires a person to use common sense and keep knives and sharp objects away from small children. Keeping your vaccinations up to date is another method of prevention. Generally, the tetanus immunization is renewed every 10 years.
Another type of bleeding is a nose bleed. A nose bleed is a loss of blood from the mucous membranes that line the nose.
Each system, as noted early, contributes to reversing cause of shock in this phase. The first of this will be seen when cause of shock is from hemorrhage and significant blood loss from the body, and all components of the hematologic system, or from blood, has its own function as a response (Kolecki “Pathophysiology”). The body’s process of quickly locating and slowing down bleeding within the body is called hemostasis. As soon as a blood vessel is broken, both the liquid and solid components within the blood effect how the body responds (Tortura 703).
The fact the patient died from internal bleeding shows there were damages. The patient’s death was directly linked to the time delay finding the proper diagnosis, and inability to find the extent of internal bleeding from which he was
Hitting an artery: Arterial pulsation will be felt when palpating the vessel therefore this should not happen. Bright red blood will propel out under force if an artery is penetrated. In this circumstance you should release the tourniquet, take out the needle and apply pressure for five minutes to ensure the stoppage of blood flow (haemostasis). Make sure the site has stopped bleeding prior to the patient leaving. Recommend that they return to the surgery in order to make sure they are fine and checked - a physician should always check the patient before being released. If the patient is an in-hospital patient you need to alert a nurse or on duty doctor who will make sure the patient is checked for any re-bleed.
There are several different causes of an aortic dissection. Trauma is a major cause of an aortic dissection, specifically blunt trauma, such as a chest hitting a steering ...
Signs of DIC are as varied as the diseases and conditions which precipitate it; the most universal sign is abnormal bleeding, such as excessive bleeding from venipuncture sites and petechiae or ecchymoses occurring spontaneously along the ventrum and inguinal body regions (Bassert 1161, Tilley 373). Three distinct phases of DIC are recognized: the chronic silent phase, the peracute hypercoagulability phase, and the acute consumptive phase (Bruchim). Each phas...
A stroke is the acute neurologic injury that come as a result of an effect of ischemia or haemorrhage of the encephalon. Ischemia is caused by diminished supply of arterial blood which carries sugar and oxygen to brain tissue. Haemorrhagic stroke is due to intracerebral or subarachnoid bleeding and it damages the brain directly at the site of the bleeding by compressing the encircling tissue. Ischemic strokes can be embolic or thrombotic. Thrombotic stroke consequences from clot formation in the arterial blood vessel that provides blood to the encephalon, and can bear upon either large vessel or small vessel.
There are three main types of strokes: ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and transient ischemic stroke. Ischemic strokes occur due to an obstruction or clotting of a blood vessel or artery. There are two types of ischemic strokes: embolic and thrombotic strokes. An embolic stroke is when a blood clot or other substance forms in the body, travels through the blood stream, and eventually becomes lodged in a small blood vessel or artery supplying blood to the brain. A thrombotic stroke is when a blockage forms in one or more arteries to the brain. The second type of stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, is due to a rupture of a weakened blood vessel. There are two major ways in which blood vessels can weaken: aneurysm, a ballooning of a weak area in a blood vessel, and arteriovenous malformations (AVM), an abnormal connection of arteries to veins. A hemorrhagic stroke can either be an intraccerebral stroke, a bleed caused by a blood vessel within the brain, or a subarachnoid stroke, an aneurysm rupture in a large artery near the membrane surrounding the brain. Lastly, transient ischemic attacks are temporary traveling clots that cause “miniature” or “warning” strokes.
Hemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder that slows the blood clotting process, which is not normal. Some people with Hemophilia may just have a little bit of “clotting factor” or no clotting factor at all (National Institute of Health [NIH], 2013). Clotting factor is a protein in blood that controls bleeding and they are needed the blood to clot normally. In order to help the blood clot, clotting factors work with “platelets” (National Institute of Health [NIH], 2013). Platelets are small blood cell fragments that form in the bone marrow, a tissue in the bones that is similar to a sponge. The functions of platelets have a very important role in blood clotting; the role of a platelet is to stick together (by the help of clotting factors) to block cuts, break on the carriers of blood (veins or arteries) throughout the body, and stop the bleeding when “blood vessels” (National Institutes of Health [NIH], 2013) are injured. Blood vessels are tube like structures carrying blood through the tissues and organs, like a vein, artery, or capillary. People with hemophilia do not have enough “clotting factor VIII or IX” (World Federation of Hemophilia [WFH], 2013) in their blood, which results to prolonged bleeding or oozing, meaning that bleeding can last longer (though, not faster) than usual after surgeries, accidents, or having teeth pulled out at the dentist. Clotting factor VIII, which can also be called as “anti-hemophilic factor” (AHF, for short) (Patient.co.uk, 2011), is a blood clotting protein that is necessary for humans to have. Clotting Factor IX is a protein that i...
Most scalp wound is caused by blunt hit. However, it will bleed a lot although it is a minor wound since there are so many blood capillaries in the area. Normally to treat this injury, we just need to put a direct pressure on the wound with sterile dressing material until the bleeding stoped. And tie the cloth into place with a triangular bandage if continued pressure is needed. Carefully assess whether stitches are needed. If decided to treat at home, be sure the wound is free of dirt and debris. Clean with clean water , then dry the wound and surrounding hair. It usually recover well. Make sure there is no wood or gravel in the wound. To avoid more serious complication, pay a visit to a doctor for double
Strokes are not only the leading cause of mentally disabling adults, but they are also the third most common reason for deaths worldwide (Jarvis, 2012). In general, a stroke, also called a “cerebrovascular accident,” occurs when blood flow of the vascular system is blocked from reaching parts of the brain (Jarvis, 2012). There are two types of stroke, an ischemic stroke or a hemorrhagic stroke, and they differ in the way they affect the vascular system. An ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke, accounting for 80 percent of all strokes, and it is due to a thrombus or embolus blocking blood vessels supplying the brain (Durukan & Tatlisumak, 2007). A hemorrhagic stroke is less common, but is caused by the rupturing of a blood vessel in the brain and causes bleeding (Jarvis, 2012).
As a standard precaution against bodily fluids or blood borne pathogens the medical assistant and the doctor would don their personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, face shield, and gown. Next, the medical assistant will prepare the following materials in preparation of the procedure: 1% or 2% lidocaine in a 10cc syringe/25 gauge needle, skin prep solution, #11 scalpel blade with handle, gauze, hemostat, scissors, iodoform, tape, and culture swab. After the materials have been prepped the doctor will clean the abscess with skin prep and drape the wound with sterile fenestrated drape. Anesthetic in the form of lidocaine with a 10cc syringe and 25-gauge needle will be injected around the abscess. The doctor will allow 3-5 minutes for the anesthetic to take affect before making an incision into the abscess. Once the incision is made the doctor will allow pus to ooze and drain out. While the pus is draining out, the culture swab will be inserted in to the abscess where a culture is taken so the origin of the infection is identified incase further treatment is needed. Using the hemostat the doctor will explore the abscess and continue to soak up the pus with the gauze. With a syringe and normal saline the doctor will irrigate
The patient’s experience relates to the concept of Perfusion since blood clots may interfere with adequate blood flow. Ischemic stroke is a sudden loss of function resulting from disruption of the blood supply to a part of the brain (Brunner and Suddarth, 2010). The presence of partial blockage of the blood vessel can be due to vasoconstriction, platelet adherence, or fat accumulation and therefore decreases elasticity of vessel wall leading to alteration of blood perfusion with the initiation of the clotting sequence. This may later lead to the development of thrombus which can be loosened and dislodged in some areas of the brain such as mid cerebral carotid artery th...
If something happens to interrupt the flow of blood, brain cells start to die within minutes because they can’t get oxygen. This is called a stroke. Sudden bleeding in the brain also can cause a stroke if it damages brain cells. A stroke can cause lasting brain damage, long-term disability, or even death.
The first element to consider is if the wound has an adequate vascular supply that can be assessed by.
First aid trained personnel and the first aid kit are the best tool to prevent further damage to the injured and make sure they are on the recovery path swiftly without any problems.