Bladder Cancer Research Papers

1202 Words3 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Effects of e-cigarettes on the human body

Smoking cigarettes, cigars, or pipes can damage your lungs, and other body organs they can also increase the chance of getting bladder cancer. This happens because of the harmful chemicals that are ingested from the cigarettes excretes in the urine. When a person smokes their body processes the chemicals, and some of these chemicals go into the urine. These chemicals could damage the lining of the bladder which increases the chances of developing bladder cancer. The bladder is a pouch located in the urinary tract that holds the urine after it has been produced by the kidneys. The bladder is lined with special cells called transitional cells. These transitional cells are where the cancer comes from. The cancer spreads by going into the bladder …show more content…

• Cystoscopy- this allows visualization inside the body with a flexible thin lighted tube. This test can see if there are any growths in the bladder, and also figure out if a biopsy or surgery has to be done. A cystoscopy is the best way to diagnose bladder cancer.
• Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is a procedure is done when abnormal tissue has been found from the previous test, the doctor will then do a biopsy. During this procedure the doctor will remove the tumor and take a sample of the muscle that was next to the tumor. This test is not only used for diagnostic purposes but also to find out the type or tumor and also to see how far the tumor has gotten into the bladder.
These are some of the tests that have to be done once the bladder cancer has metastasized.
• Computed tomography (CT or CAT) scan- is a three-dimensional picture of inside of the body with an x-ray machine. It gives a detailed picture of the inside of the body that can show any abnormalities or tumors. A CT scan is also able to measure the size of the tumor. To get more detailed images a special dye is either put into the patients’ vein or the patient will swallow the …show more content…

If diagnosed with stage 0 which is early bladder cancer that is non-invasive and has only affected the inner lining of the bladder. Stage 0 has a 98% prognosis. If the cancer is stage I where the cancer has gone deeper into the bladder lining but has not yet affected the muscle wall of the bladder it is then an 88% prognosis. Stage II: the cancer is now invasive and has affected the inside of the bladder muscle, makes it a 63% prognosis. Stage III: the cancer has now metastasized through the muscle wall and may now be affecting the reproductive organs. Depending on if the cancer has spread to near-by tissues or organs there is a prognosis of 46%. For stage IV: the cancer has now metastasized outside of the bladder and is now affecting the surrounding lymph nodes and organs giving it at

Show More
Related

  • Ulcerative Colitis Essay

    1123 Words  | 3 Pages

    In addition to an endoscopy, a biopsy may be recommended. During a biopsy, a small piece of tissue is removed from an inflamed area. This piece of tissue is then examined in pathology in order to determine whether either disease is present or not.

    Read More

  • Prostate Cancer : Cancer And Cancer

    1092 Words  | 3 Pages

    Prostate cancer has been the number one diagnosed cancer today. According to the World Health Organization, approximately one in every ten American men will develop prostate cancer during his lifespan. This cancer has been very common in the last few years. American Cancer Society reported over 200,000 new cases of prostate cancer. Huge number of population suffered severely. The prostate is significant for reproduction. It helps the substances that are involved in fertilization and transporting of sperm as well as survival. Prostate tumor is developed in the prostate gland, which is found in the men’s reproductive system. Prostate is the size of a walnut, which is located inferiorly in the penis and anterior to the rectum. It contains the connective tissue, which includes the glandular and fibrous tissues. This tumor starts to develop during their adolescent year due to the control of the male reproductive hormones. When the tumor starts to develop, it begins at the urethra, which is a tube that releases the urine from the bladder. The tumor is a slow development yet it is contagious to the other parts of the body, such as it does affect the pelvic bones, lungs, liver, and the lower vertebrae (Zenka, 2009).

    Read More

  • Lung Cancer

    833 Words  | 2 Pages

    In addition to being responsible for 87% of lung cancers, smoking is also associated with cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, pancreas, uterine cervix, kidney, and bladder. Smoking accounts for at least 29% of all cancer deaths, is a major cause of heart disease, and is associated with conditions ranging from colds and gastric ulcers to chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and cerebrovascular disease. Women have a better chance in getting lung cancer then men do. This year the disease will kill 68,000 women in the United States, more than one and a half times as many as breast cancer. Even if a woman smoked for awhile and quit, her chances are much greater then a man that smoked 2 times longer then the woman did.

    Read More

  • Cancer Essay

    1094 Words  | 3 Pages

    Cancer staging “…describes the severity of a person’s cancer based on the size and/or extent (reach) of the original (primary) tumor and whether or not cancer has spread in the body.” Staging allows doctors and other medical professionals to accurately understand how far along the patient is in the illness and what treatment, medication, and c...

    Read More

  • Prostate Cancer

    1121 Words  | 3 Pages

    Cancer of the prostate, a common form of cancer, is a disease in which cancer (malignant) cells are found in the prostate. The prostate is on the male sex glands, and is located just below the bladder and in front of the rectum. The size of the prostate is about the size of a walnut. It surrounds the part of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. The prostate makes fluid that becomes part of the semen, which contains sperm. Prostate cancer is most commonly found in older men.

    Read More

  • Ovarian Cancer : Cancer And Cancer

    1380 Words  | 3 Pages

    Each stage is characterized by an A, B, or C letter, depending on the degree to which the symptoms present themselves. The differences in each stage are as follows: stage 1 is when the cancer is either found in one ovary or both, stage 2 the tumor is found in one or both ovaries and extends to other pelvic structures, stage 3 the cancer has spread beyond the pelvis to the lining of the abdomen or to the lymph nodes and finally in stage 4 the cancer has spread to other organs in the body including the liver or lungs (Ovarian Cancer National Alliance). Cancer is “staged” by taking a sample of the infected tissue surgically and sending it to a lab for examination. Staging is crucial in order for medical professionals to determine which course of treatment would be the most effective for the given patient. If misdiagnosed, an entire area affected by this disease could potentially be missed and left untreated.

    Read More

  • Lithotripsy Research Paper

    209 Words  | 1 Pages

    A tube is placed through the bladder which facilitates draining of urine from your kidney. And so even the small stones get eliminated through it.There

    Read More

  • Prostate Cancer

    1008 Words  | 3 Pages

    The prostate gland is an egg-sized organ that rings the male urethra. The secretions of the prostate give nutrients to the semen. Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death in men. (Ernstoff,Heaney,Peschel,1998,pviii) Like all cancers, prostate cancer is an uncontrolled cell production in a particular organ or area of the body. In the case of prostate cancer, these cells begin to split impulsively in the prostate and form tumors. As these tumors begin to grow they begin to use up oxygen from other healthy cells and surrounding tissue. Not only do these tumors take up oxygen from other cells, they secrete protein signals that initiate the formation of new blood vessels. (CaP CURE,2000,p1) With the increasing rate of prostate cancer in males it is highly suggested that men begin to get tested for this form of cancer at the age of 30. There are two ways of diagnosing prostate cancer. The most common way is a rectal exam. Digital rectal examination can provide meaningful information in both the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. (Ernstoff,Heaney,Peschel,2,p48) The exam is fairly simple. A doctor places his finger in the anus and feels for the texture and size of the gland. The second way that a physician can determine if a male has prostate cancer is the PSA test, which measures the levels of the enzymes produced in the prostate. A method that is not widely used is an ultrasound to visualize the prostate. The rate in which the prostate grows can be reduced through the controlling of testosterone. Yet the prostate can never be stopped from growing and at some point it will grow uncontrollable and can be deadly. After a male is diagnosed with prostr...

    Read More

  • Cigarettes Should be Illegal

    796 Words  | 2 Pages

    Smoking causes many other types of cancer, including cancers of the throat, mouth, nasal cavity, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, kidney, bladder, and cervix, and even leukemia has been found linked to smoking. Also, people who smoke are up to six times more likely to suffer a heart attack than nonsmokers, and the risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked. Smoking also causes most cases of chronic obstructive lung disease. Also, approximately 49,400 deaths have been due to exposure to secondhand smoke. 3,000 nonsmoking adults die of diseases caused by exposure to second-hand smoke every year.

    Read More

  • Secondhand Smoke

    329 Words  | 1 Pages

    As most of you know, smoking is bad for your health, but what some of you might not know is that you don’t actually have to smoke to be harmed by smoking. Lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer deaths in men and women, is mainly caused by cigarette smoking. Secondhand smoking causes approximately 2 percent of lung cancer deaths each year. It causes respiratory disease, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), middle ear disease, and asthma attacks in children.

    Read More

  • Cystitis Essay

    1509 Words  | 4 Pages

    Cystoscopy. Use to remove a small sample of tissue (biopsy) for analysis in the lab. This test most likely won’t be needed if this is the first time patient had signs or symptoms of cystitis.

    Read More

  • Argumentative Essay On Electronic Cigarettes

    736 Words  | 2 Pages

    Nicotine is the chemical in tobacco that most impacts the brain and provides near instantaneous feelings of pleasure associated with smoking. People who smoke usually have ruff skin or other things that are wrong with them. Tar will also stain smoker’s fingers, their teeth, and collects in their lungs (Eshrick 32). Lung cancer is the most common cancers that most people have. Studies have proven that one out of every four people die from lung cancer, and ninety percent of cancer is caused by tobacco use (Eshrick 62). Bladder cancer may occur when smokers inhale some of the carcinogens in tobacco smoke are absorbed from the lungs and get into the blood, then filtered by the kidneys and concentrated into the urine. If the victim smokes more than twenty cigarettes a day it can double the risk of the most common type of kidney cancer (Eshrick 55). The last cancer is cervical cancer, the chemicals damage the cervix. There are cells in the lining of the cervix called Langerhans cells that specifically help fight against diseases. These cells do not work well in smokers (Eshrick

    Read More

  • Smoking Should be Banned in Public Places

    822 Words  | 2 Pages

    Cigarettes not only contain harmful substances, but they also can cause erectile damage. dysfunction in men and illnesses such as cancer and lung disease (http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3009767). Cigarettes are full of substances that are harmful not only to the smoker, but also to those around him or her. Smoking not only harms the smoker, but also those around them. For years it had been thought that smoking only affected smokers and non-smokers were not at risk at all, but after years of research it.

    Read More

  • CT-scanner

    987 Words  | 2 Pages

    CTscans stands for “Computed Tomography”. It is a way of looking inside your body using a special camera. It is an advanced scanning x-ray and computer system that makes detailed pictures of horizontal cross-sections of the body, or the part of the body that is x-rayed. A CT scan is a diagnostic test that combines the use of x-ray with computer technology. A series of x-beams from many different angles are used to get these cross-sectional images of the patient’s body. In a computer, these pictures are assembled into a 3-dimentianal picture that can display organs, tissues, bones, and any such thing. It can even show ducts, blood vessels and tumors. One of the advantages of CT is that it clearly shows soft tissue structures (such as brain), as well as dense tissue structure (such as bone). The pictures of a Ctscanner are a lot more detailed than the pictures of a regular X-ray machine. It can make pictures of areas protected or surrounded by bones, which a regular X-ray machine can not. Because of this, a CT scanner is said to be 100 times as affective and clever as an ordinary X-ray, and can therefore diagnose some diseases a lot earlier and quicker. It is recent technology that has made it possible to accurately scan objects into a computer in three dimensions, even though the machines and ideas were developed in the 1970s. In the 70s doctors started to use this new type of machine that could give detailed pictures of organs that the older type of x-ray, machine could not give.

    Read More

  • Cigarettes Should Be Made Illegal

    1584 Words  | 4 Pages

    Approximately one in two lifetime smokers will die from their habit. Half of these deaths will occur in middle age. The most common of the diseases caused by smoking is cancer, of course. Not only is it a cause of lung cancer, but cancer of the larynx, and the esophagus, and it contributes to the development of cancers of the bladder, pancreas, and kidney. Lung cancer comes from the tar in the cigarettes.

    Read More

More about Bladder Cancer Research Papers

Open Document