Black Holes and Dead Stars

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Looking at the stars, people usually think they are eternal and unchanged. However, every star goes by its life path. Our Universe is full of stellar evolution remnants. This essay describes the stages of stellar evolution, its remnants, and explains the best method of detecting them.
The process of star formation begins from the massive cloud of the cosmic dust, as it is stated by Clayton (1968). This cloud can be bigger that our Solar system. The cloud formation starts under the extremely low temperature. Gravity is a driving force for star formation; it presses the cloud of the dust into the sphere where the heat begins. This formation is called a protostar or nebulae. Under the gravitation pressure the energy of protostar electrons grows, the electrons move faster and the heat increases. When the temperature exceeds 18 million degrees, the thermal energy forces the hydrogen atoms to fuse into helium. The nuclear fusion starts, the star produces the energy and becomes the source of light and heat. There are two main forces shaping the star: thermal pressure of nuclear fusion and inward gravitational pressure. The lifespan of every start depends on its mass, while the chemical composition and other secondary factors are also important. The low-mass stars live longer and the process of dying is long, too. The lifetime of massive stars is shorter. Initially the thermal pressure exceeds the gravitational pressure. The hydrogen fusion isn’t endless; the next stage is the fusion of helium. It produces thermal energy; the star grows in size and passes sub-giant and giants stages. However, when the nuclear fuel of the star is exhausted, gravitational pressure wins the battle. The star starts to dye. The process of dying varies depend...

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...erse. As a result of stellar explosions our Sun system was formed, all elements in our bodies are the products on nuclear reactions in stars. Besides, shocking waves from supernova explosion can play an important role in new star formation.
Conclusion
Stellar evolution is the eternal process in the Universe. Every star goes through several stages of its existence during its lifetime. However, all stars dye. There are several types of stellar remnants: black holes, neutron stars, white dwarfs, supernova remnants and planetary nebula. Supernovas are visible for human eye. Planetary nebula can be detected with the simple optical device and prism. White dwarves can be detected though their interaction with the companion-star. The same indirect detection is the only option for black hole exploration. To detect the neutron star it is necessary to use special equipment.

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