Bismarck's Foreign Policy
„Versuche zu dreien zu sein, solange die Welt durch das unsichere
Gleichgewicht von fünf Großmächten bestimmt wird!“ This was the
general formula of Bismarck’s foreign policies meaning “When there are
five great powers be one of three.“ The five great powers at that time
were France, England, Russia, Austria-Hungary and the new united
Germany. In foreign affairs, above all he wanted to keep peace in
Europe, refusing further expansation, so that the strength of the
German Empire would not be threatened.
To begin with I would like to represent the 5 great powers in order to
point out which of them would be a possible ally.
· He couldn’t ally himself with France due to the Franco-Prussian war.
We could argue that the Franco-Prussian war was not a good way of
ensuring a peacefull future in europe, but the war was welcomed and
even forced by Bismarck. He firstly annoyed France by proposing that
Prince Leopold von Hohenzollen should become king of Spain ,(which
would lead to France being surrounded by hostile states) and secondly,
the Ems telegram, being the final “reason” for France to declare war
on Germany. The results of this war were all in favour of Bismarck,
the treaty of Frankfurt was singed. France had to pay a compensation
of five billion francs and lost the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine.
So between France and Germany were still open wounds. In addition
France had an republican system of government while Germany remained a
Monarchy.
· England wanted to keep itself out to keep the upper hand on things
without having narrow relations with Europe. Also would the alliance
of Germany and England oppose Russia, because Russia feared that
England could advance through the dardennels into the Mediterranean
and especially the Suez-Canal.
· Russia was very important in order to avoid that it would ally
itself with France, which would lead Germany into a position of a
two-front war. In addition Russia like Germany was a conservative
monarchy.
· Austria-Hungary likewise is a conservative monarchy and would, as an
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American foreign policy during the 1890s was based on many factors that each acted as an individual justification for our country’s behavior as a whole. Racism, nationalism, commercialism, and humanitarianism each had its own role in the actions America took against other nations.
The understanding of European politics during the latter half of the extended nineteenth century, particularly from 1848 onward to the First World War, is as much about the European political climate as a whole as it is about the key figures within this climate. For example, one cannot fully understand the multitude of independence and nationalist movements in the Balkans during this time without first understanding the outside pressures placed on these movements by the three competing empires of the Russians, Habsburgs, and Ottomans; and only then delving into the multitude of persons whom inspired the individual movements. Likewise, understanding the German situation at this time is just as much about the European picture as a whole, as it is about the people within the German system itself; of which, Otto von Bismarck is clearly the synonymous figure. With that said, it follows that a purely biographical approach to this turbulent time in German politics, focused on Bismarck, will leave one largely without the knowledge of the greater European situation; however, this same biographical approach also helps to understand the political interworking and personal relationships that forged a unified Germany, something that the study of the European climate as a whole fails to do.
Over the course of the history of the United States, specific foreign policies have affected the methods in which the U.S. involves itself around the globe. Specifically, certain policies have affected U.S. involvement in Latin America.
The Most Important Aim of the Foreign Policy 1933-36 was to Overthrow the Treaty of Versailles
The War of the Triple Alliance is regarded as the bloodiest war in the history of Latin America, taking place from 1864 to 1870. In a seemingly uneven match up, the country of Paraguay took on an alliance of three countries: Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Paraguay started this conflict under the rule of Francisco Solano López, the country’s dictator. What would make Fransisco Solano López, dictator of Paraguay, exponentially increase his military forces and attack an alliance of three countries, two of which are much larger than Paraguay? I will use operational code to study the dictator who started the war and examine reasons as to why he made such the rash and risky decision that he did. After examining Francisco Solano López’s operational code, I will delve into the topic of prospect theory to further evaluate the reasons for mobilizing a military and starting a war, and the risks involved with doing so. The topic of militarized interstate disputes, otherwise known as MIDs, will be the last subject I discuss in relation to the causes of the war, and I will explain his motives for the dispute as well as the motives of the opposition
There were many successes and failures in Franklin Delano Roosevelt's wartime diplomacy. His policies were successful in that they led to the end of the war with Germany and Japan. However, they failed in that his actions led to an overall mistrust of Russia and Stalin and the postwar conflict that followed known as the Cold War.
As we approach the next Presidential election the topic of American foreign policy is once again in the spotlight. In this paper, I will examine four major objectives of U.S. foreign policy that have persisted throughout the twentieth century and will discuss the effect of each on our nation’s recent history, with particular focus on key leaders who espoused each objective at various times. In addition, I will relate the effects of American foreign policy objectives, with special attention to their impact on the American middle class. Most importantly, this paper will discuss America’s involvement in WWI, WWII, and the Cold War to the anticipated fulfillment of these objectives—democracy, manifest destiny, humanitarianism, and economic expansion.
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When the Declaration of Independence was signed July 4th, 1776, the United States of America was born. From then on, things have never been the same. For example, the country was no longer under the control of Great Britain; we became our own democracy away from monarchy rule of Great Britain. One policy of America that has changed dramatically over the past 200 years, and will continue to change in the coming years, is foreign policy. The idea of foreign policy has gone from the Roosevelt Corollary to the Truman Doctrine, to the Domino Theory, just in the 20th century.
...itary resulting in its quick defeat. Italy and Germany developed a strong alliance while Russia moved closer to France and Britain. The diversity of political thought inspires many from World War II till today. The changes to the political atmosphere of Europe changed international relations to affect the beginning of World War II.
The League of Nations has been seen as a seriously flawed international organisation and its failure to prevent World War Two has been well documented. Provide something of an alternative perspective by identifying and highlighting important policy-areas in which the League made valuable progress.
France couldn't ally with Britain because Britain kept itself in "splendid isolation", so Russia was really the only real choice as they were the only other great power who was suspicious and disliked Germany.
In order to determine the importance of the alliance system as a cause for the war we must first explore the origins of these alliances. We will take high-point of the Bismarck system in 1878 as our starting point as the Franco-Prussian war is a key factor for the development of this system. The alliance system ideated by the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck kept peace in Europe but its main aim was, however, to forestall the possibility that, in the event of war, Germany would have to fight it on two fronts (basically France and Russia). This was achieved by diplomatically isolating France so that its dream of recapturing its lost provinces of Alsace-Lorraine couldn't be fulfilled.