Bismarck's Domestic Policy Assessment
The Kulturkampf was a domestic struggle between the Catholic Church
and Otto Von Bismarck and his allies at the time, the German Liberals.
Bismarck was the first German chancellor from 1871 to 1890. During his
time as chancellor he shaped Germany into the state it was before the
First World War, bringing about a number of reforms to further the
Germany he envisioned. One of the main conflicts Bismarck encountered
was with the Catholic Church. The problem of dual loyalty with Germany
and papal infallibility, and the threat the well organised Church was
to Bismarck, resulted in political war. Bismarck aimed: "to subdue all
people, Protestants and Catholics alike, to the triumphant power of
the State." This was the Kulturkampf, 'culture battle'.
(b) Explain why Bismarck considered the Catholics and Socialists to be
'Reichsfeinde'.
"Reichsfeinde" - enemies of the state, were one of Bismarck's main
miscalculations during his time as chancellor. Bismarck saw the
Catholics, Socialists and ethnic minorities as a danger to the state
of Germany he had created. Bismarck also used his 'Reichsfeinde' as a
mask across the true face of Germany, hiding the people from reality
as they became increasingly involved with his political crusades.
In Bismarck's fight against the Catholic Church he sided with the
German Liberals, their natural enemies within Germany. However,
Bismarck and the German Liberals saw the danger of Catholicism from
different angles.
In 1870 the Vatican Council adopted the doctrine of papal
infallibility, which is the complete correctness in all that the pope
says or does in ...
... middle of paper ...
...t aspect, it is suggested that Bismarck no longer saw his
struggle with Catholicism as a important factor, turning his mind to
other pressing needs. Again with the socialists he quelled the threat
he saw to the German state but was unable to quell the internal growth
of the SPD.
Although Bismarck may have been only partially successful G. A. Craig
believed he had a humanistic strand in his state socialism, and W. N.
Medlicott went further to say it was, '(Bismarck's) greatest claim to
statesmanship in the last decade of his career because it offered a
constructive and imaginative solution to a potentially explosive
situation.' No doubt this insight can be attributed to his acts
concerning all Reichsfeinde. Bismarck shaped Germany perhaps more than
any other man or woman that graced the pages of history, or ever will.
Lloyd George's Policies How did Lloyd George become an outdated asset in 1922 from a wartime hero in 1918 in the space of four years? Lloyd George’s own policies and his dependence on the conservatives did play a part in his political decline; however this alone didn’t account for his failure and fall. A range of events, issues and reactions played a pivotal part in his downfall. Before 1918 LG had long been the most dynamic Liberal minister, he injected energy into the Liberal party to show that the party wasn’t doomed to decline. During the war he was made Minister of Munitions, where he was the one undoubted success of the coalition.
Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt was the 26th President of The United States Of America. He was a writer, a naturalist and a soldier. He stretched the forces of the administration and of the national government in backing of the general population enthusiasm toward clashes between huge business and work and guided the country to a dynamic part in world governmental issues. Theodore Roosevelt certainly helped the country in the right direction. He paved the way for reform, especially trust regulation. His nickname as the trustbuster was truly earned as he made many constant efforts in those areas, as well as others. His Square Deal plan targeted trust regulation, labor relations, and public health and conservation, the three
There were a number of events that occurred before eventually resulting in the reunification of Germany in 1871. The first steps towards the unification of Germany began in 1814 after the downfall of Napoleon’s ‘Rheinbund’ this began the period of restoration, where princes and knights etc. reclaimed their political control over their territory that they had under the old ‘Reich’ before 1789 (Mark Allinson, 2002).
Bismarck believed that Germany should be united under Prussian leadership and that Austria should have nothing to do with Germany. Bismarck was chosen as chancellor by the Prussian king as he had a proven record as a monarchist and had little time for liberal and excessive parliamentary ideas. Bismarck helped his long term plan to unite Germany and to be the ruler by getting in a strong position with the king. The king owned Bismarck a 'favour´ as Bismarck had solved the king´s constitutional crisis. Bismarck played a crucial part in the unification of Germany as he helped to set up the Northern German Confederation after defeating Austria in the second of three wars.
The German nation was born in January 1871 at the Palace of Versailles. Many factors have been noted by historians as to what led to the eventual unification of Germany such as; economic and industrial factors and the role of Otto Von Bismarck. A debate that has emerged over German Unification is whether it was united by ‘coal and iron’ or ‘blood and iron’; this looks at whether economic or political factors were the main driving force behind unification. In this essay I will explore these factors and gain an understanding of how these factors contributed to German Unification and come to a decision as to whether it was a nation unified by economic
1.)The idea heralded by Frederick Jackson Turner that the supply of natural resources was soon going to continue to become lesser and lesser available caused the people fear. This fear or lack of natural resources urged them to find alternative resources abroad. Many people strived to look oversea in search of new markets. During this time, foreign trade became more vital to the American economy, leading to the idea of acquiring of colonies to expand markets. The Spanish-American war was caused by U.S intervention during Cuba’s fight for independence against Spanish misrule.
Gregg Abbott currently serves as Governor of Texas. He is the 48th Governor of the State of Texas. Abbott is a conservative leader who values faith, family and freedom. Previous to his election as governor in 2014, Greg Abbott was the 50th and longest-serving Attorney General of Texas. Abbott also previously served as a Justice on the Texas Supreme Court and as a State District Judge in Harris County.
In the late 1800s, Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck used different strategical plans in order to gain as much power possible, the majority of the plans consisted of him taking advantage of the different political parties. Bismarck used many traditional political strategies in order to gain the power he craved for, such as creating harsh laws and prohibiting certain beliefs or ideas. Unfortunately, these strategies did not satisfy the people, so Bismarck later started to increase the welfare of the working class, apologized to the Socialists, and did much more to obtain more political strength which eventually created a new conservatism. In an effort to increase political power for the Kaiser, Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck uses liberal and traditional
When Roosevelt became president, on March 4, 1933, the Great Depression was at its worst. Sixteen million or more people were unemployed, and many had been out of work for a year or even longer. The American banking system had collapsed. Whether Americans would be satisfied with the new leadership depended on Roosevelt's success in bringing aid to those in distress and in achieving some measure of economic improvement. Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration was able to create many laws that benefited the people, however the people complained that they were not created fast enough, even though they were effective and had a lasting impact on the federal government.
The Reign of Nicholas I has been marked with war. He grew up in a time when war was the accepted norm of
Research will be drawn from many sources including several historical studies and online articles. The sources used revolve around Bismarck's attitudes and actions toward German unification and general policy. Sources include works by historians A.J.P. Taylor and James Wycliffe Headlam. The policies of Bismarck during the interwar period were researched as well, through several scholastic journals and written works.
Under the 1871 Constitution which united Germany, it was forbidden to discriminate on the grounds of
After years of trying to unify as one nation and countless failures, the German people now believed that they themselves were among the superior races of the world and it was Germany’s destiny to become the greatest nation the world had ever seen. Under Bismarck’s rule, the economy boomed. The German Industrial Complex, powered by its heavy war production, made many men and the nation very wealthy. This wealth and prosperity led to an intoxicating feeling among its people, a feeling that they were the next great world power.
" The real meaning of the New Economic policy is that we have met a
“Bismarck and German Nationalism.” The American Historical Review Vol. 60, No.3 (1955): pg. 78. 548-556.