Abstract--- Biometrics covers a variety of technologies in which unique identifiable attributes of people are used for identification and authentication. Palm print recognition system is widespread bio-metric authentication systems. A palm print is the feature pattern on the basis of their edges. Each person has his own palm prints with the permanent uniqueness. The common problem for palm print recognition is finding the minutiae by its local features and edges. Rotation and location invariant of the different palm prints images is also a major problem for recognizing the actual palm print image. There is need to overcome form these difficulties and to work over these areas. The given paper gives the comprehensive review of Palm Print recognition …show more content…
INTRODUCTION
Today’s Biometrics is playing a very important role for person recognition. A palm print has a great set of features such as principal lines, ridges and minutiae.
Biometric verification refers to an automatic verification of a person based on some specific biometric features derived from his/her physiological and/or behavioral characteristics. A palm print refers to an image acquired of the palm region of the hand. The biometric use of palm prints uses ridge patterns to identify an individual. It is rich in its features: principal lines, wrinkles, ridges, singular points and minutiae points.[1] Palmprint recognition is a complex task because the palmprints vary highly in terms of quality, size, shape, rotation and occlusion.[5] Biometric performance evaluation is an important task, particularly for palmprint identification, given its widespread
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It is an advanced and newly emerging method for palmprint recognition. It is useful to solve some intractable problems of the first approach .
• Feature extraction on the basis of principle lines: Any palm print have several principal lines in it, on the basis of these feature extraction is quiet useful for recognition and extraction of palm print recognition system.
In simple words, Palmprint recognition has been widely used in both forensic and civilian applications. Compared with other biometrics features, palmprint-based biometrics is the most proven technique and has the largest market shares.[10] Although palmprint recognition has been studied for many years and much progress has been made, the performance of even state-of-the-art matchers is still much lower than the expectations of people and theory estimation . Therefore, much effort is still needed to improve both the performance and the speed of palmprint recognition systems.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 A Low-Cost Contactless Palm Print Device to Recognize Person based on Texture
1. What is the name of the document? Ida Tarbell Criticizes Standard Oil (1904) 2. What type of document is it? (newspaper, map, image, report, Congressional record, etc.)
It is evident that the capacity to visually recognize things or objects is far much superior in comparison to the recognition by the use of the sense of touch (Saal, Vijayakumar & Johansson, 2009). Moreover, in comparison the ability of a human being to recognize objects visually is considered to be much accurate as well as faster than the case of tactile recognition. However, in the case of human beings visual recognition requires some brief palpations on an object in order to properly mark the identify of that object (Tonkonogiĭ & Puente, 2009). The sense of touch for any human being or species provides immense data regarding the surrounding world. Tactile recognition or the sense of touch is usually the first to develop and lasts even after the two other cognition senses fade away; visual and auditory recognition (Warren, Santello & Tillery, 2011). Though, Verrillo (1966) suggest this may due to the fact that ones are more aware the loss of visual and auditory senses as they are more salient and the deterioration of tactile senses are less noticeable. The sense of touch is considered to be an informative, active as well as perceptual system in any species. However, it is essential to point that the aspect and practice of tactile recognition plays a frequent role in an individual’s daily life. Therefore, it can be stated that tactile recognition is important and central to a human being as substantial amount of the human activities relate to touch. For instance, in the case of preparing this essay, a sense of touch is present in either the case of typing the keys on a computer or touching the pen when writing on a note pad. The need to identify the objects that one wants to use at a particular time plays a pivotal...
(f) Spoof attacks and Template security: Spoof attack refers to the deliberate attempt to manipulate one’s biometric template in order to avoid recognition, or generate biometric artifacts in order to take someone’s identity. And still biometric systems are susceptible to attacked in a number of ways (Ratha et al., 2001). For example, a fingerprint recognition system can be circumvented by using fake or spoof fingers (Nandakumar et al., 2007, Nandakumar et al., 2007a). Behavioral traits like voice (Eriksson et al., 1997) and signature (Harrison et al., 1981) are more susceptible to such attacks than physiological traits. Security of biometric templates is also another critical issues in biometric systems. The stolen biometric template can be used to gain unauthorized access to the system (Adler, 2003, Cappelli et al., 2007, Ross et al., 2007).
By the 19th century, the criminology research scholars have had a keen interest in biometric identification, they hope to combine physical characteristics with criminal tendencies, which resulting in a series of measuring devices, and also collected a large amount of data. Since then, the concept of measuring a person's physical characteristics are finalized, fingerprints also become the identification of international methodological standards for public security agencies. People often debate whether fingerprints have absolutely unique, and also thought that the different countries have the different standard for identifying fingerprints. So far, it is still the most widely methods of public security organs, and the process is also automated.
...ge flow and pattern types, are prominent enough to align fingerprints directly. Nilsson [26] detected the core point by complex filters applied to the orientation field in multiple resolution scales, and the translation and rotation parameters are simply computed by comparing the coordinates and orientation of the two core points. Jain [27] predefined four types of kernel curves:first is arch, second is left loop ,third is right loop and fourth is whorl, each with several subclasses respectively. These kernel curves were fitted with the image, and then used for alignment. Yager [28] proposed a two stage optimization alignment combined both global and local features. It first aligned two fingerprints by orientation field, curvature maps and ridge frequency maps, and then optimized by minutiae. The alignment using global features is fast but not robust, because the
The three different main types of fingerprints are Loops, Arches, and Whorls (Jackson 1). Henry Faulds is known as the Father of Fingerprints and developing fingerprints (Jackson 1). His discovery of fingerprints has made a huge impact not only in his time but, in Modern Crime Scene Investigation (Jackson 1). Without fingerprinting, it would be very difficult to convict criminals of crimes and very hard to try to process information. Crime Scene Investigators make a huge impact in Forensic Science. We need CSI workers, without them people could only imagine what crime would be like not only in our community, but in our
Thesis Statement: In this speech I am going to explain how forensic teams use fingerprints to identify individuals.
Biometrics is described as the use of human physical features to verify identity and has been in use since the beginning of recorded history. Only recently, biometrics has been used in today’s high-tech society for the prevention of identity theft. In this paper, we will be understanding biometrics, exploring the history of biometrics, examples of today’s current technology and where biometrics are expected to go in the future.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a multivariate analysis performed in purpose of reducing the dimensionality of a multivariate data set in order to recognize the shape or pattern of that data set. In other words, PCA is a powerful technique for pattern recognition that attempts to explain the variance of a large set of inter-correlated variables. It indicates the association between variables, thus, reducing the dimensionality of the data set. (Helena et al, 2000; Wunderlin et al, 2001; Singh et al, 2004)
Biometric technology is used for the ways humans can be identified by unique aspects of their bodies, such as fingerprints, body odor, our voices and many more. If one was to think about privacy rights, he/she would be concerned about the widespread adoption of these systems, since such systems could easily be used to develop a record of known rebellious people and/or dangerous criminals, to be used for social control purposes. Although that may seem pretty good and a positive thing for the society, one should take into account of the defects and errors of technology. Of the many biometrics technologies that are being developed and are already developed, facial recognition is one of the most threatening because it can be deployed secretly; one may not know whether or when they can be caught in a surveillance camera for such facial recognition biometrics. Additionally, tests have found that the miscalculations for facial biometrics technologies are very high. As a result, according to Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, innocent people can be erroneously identified as dangerous criminals and actual dangerous criminals and/or suspected terrorists can fail to be detected overall, allowing for a huge injustice and unfairness. Privacy rights concerned with biometrics have sparked a concern and should be dealt with; otherwise, this is just one of the
...nd hope for their future (Skafte 1970). It also can bring people together by creating a fun, bonding experience for friends and family that they will remember for a long time. While palmistry does not have much support behind it, it continues to bloom. It was around thousands of years ago, and will probably be around for many more. Believers of palmistry are wide spread, and even include powerful men, such as Aristotle and Alexander the Great. “Aristotle discovered a treatise on palmistry on an altar of Hermes, which he showed to Alexander the Great. He became fascinated in examining the character of his officers by analyzing the lines on their hands. Aristotle stated, ‘Lines are not written into the human hand without reason. They emanate from heavenly influences and man's own individuality’” (Krau 2003). Only time will tell if these two men were right.
As one of the feature of biometric, signature verification is used to find the authenticity of a person to give the access the most valued and important documents and shelf. Firstly the signature of a person are taken as a reference in database. To generate the database, number of attempts from the same person has been taken, as it would permit minute deviations in signatures that generates due to environmental conditions. Once it is done, then the signatures at other times are every time then verified with the existing database. Because of confidentially of the file/document/transaction giving access is the crucial process that should be monitored with perfection. The same happens with offline signature verification. Computerized process and verification algorithm (thus software) takes fully care of signature under test, generate results that are 100% authentic, and advocates credibility of the concerned person .However, there might raise issue of authenticity even if the same person performs the signature. Or, at times a forge person may duplicate the exact signature. Many research have been done to find the accuracy of result so as to prevent from forgery. Forgery is also divided into different categories depending upon their severity as
Iris recognition is very accurate and distinctive because iris has a complex texture that can produce a substantial amount of information to identify a person. Furthermore, the iris remains almost unchanged from childhood, only minuscule variations are presented. The biometric data is captured using a small and high definition camera that is able to recognize different characteristics of the iris. Moreover, the system can detect the use of contact lens with a fake iris and can realize with the natural movement of the eye if the sample object is a living being. Although initially iris recognition systems were expensive and complex to use, new technology developments have improved these weaknesses.
The task of handwriting recognition is the transcription of handwritten data into a digital format. The goal is to process handwritten data electronically with the same or nearly the same accuracy as humans (Gunter, n.d). Basically, handwriting can be divided into two categories, cursive script and printed handwriting both with different ways of recognition (off-line or on-line). Accuracy is the main problem in handwriting recognition for both categories because of the similar strokes and shapes some letters may possess. The software may have an inaccurate recognition of the letter, considering the possibility of the handwriting being illegible or some other factors. One notable problem that makes this task difficult especially in cursive handwriting recognition is the fact that there may be no obvious character boundaries (the start and end of a character), compared to printed handwriting, it does not have gaps or spaces between each letter to know the start and stop of recognition per character. This problem makes the recognizer prone to errors that lead to inaccurate
Pose Some unavoidable problems appear in the variety of practical applications, such as, the people are not always frontal to the camera, so the pose problem is a big obstacle for the face recognition system to be prevalence .In essence, the difference between the same people under the varied poses is larger than the difference between the distinct persons under the same pose. So it is difficult for the computer to do the face identification when the poses of the probe and gallery images are different. Pose variation still presents a challenge for face recognition. Frontal training images have better performance to novel poses than do non-frontal training images. For a frontal training pose, can achieve reasonable recognition rates of above 90 percent.