Biology: What Is Meant By Mutation?

What is meant by mutation ?

In biology , a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism , virus , or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetric elements. Mutations result from errors during DNA replication or other types of damage to DNA, which then may undergo error-phone repair. Or cause an error during other forms of repair or else may cause an error during replication . Mutations may also result from insertion or deletion of segments of DNA due to mobile genetic elements Mutations may or may not produce discernible changes in the observable characteristics of an organism. Mutations play a part in both normal and abnormal biological processes including evolution , cancer , and the development of the immune system , including junctional diversity .

Or a nonsense codon in the transcribed mRNA, and in a truncated, in complete, and usually nonfunctional protein product it differs from a missense mutation, which is a point mutation where a single nucleotide is changed to cause substitution of a different amino acid. Some genetic disorders, such as thalassemia and DMD, result from nonsense mutation.

When you think about mutant, you might think about sci-fi movies where mutated creature become powerful and evil and then attempt to destroy the world. But what are mutation , really? Mutation are changes to a cell's DNA, sequence, and there are several different types.

A nonsense mutation ia point mutation that introduces a premature stop codon into the part of the gene that encodes a protein. A stop codon is like a period at the end of a sentence. It instructs the ribosome to stop making the proyein. So, if a mutation leads to an early stop codon, only part of the protrein will be made. Half-baked proteins that result from nonsense mutations are often non functional or defective.

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