Compounds That Compose the Human Body
There are five major groups of compounds that compose the human body. They are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleotides, and water. These are all very important to humans and without them we would not be able to survive. They have many functions that encourage a human cell and a human body to function.
Carbohydrates include sugars and starches, contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen which appears in a ratio of 1:2:1. Carbohydrates are classified according to size as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. The primary function of carbohydrates is to serve as sources of energy. Carbohydrates are some of the most numerous molecules in living organisms. They play a major role as food molecules in the cell, being broken down to produce energy. Polysaccharides play an important role serving as energy reserves also. It provides a quick-release energy source that keeps us going between meals. Small amounts of carbohydrates are also used for structural purposes and others are attached to outer surfaces of cell membranes to guide cellular interactions. For many cells, sugars are the most important source of energy.
Lipids are important because they function as structural components of cell membranes, sources of insulation, and a mean of energy storage. The lipid molecules are most well known as forming basic structures of cell membranes and as energy storage molecules as well. In this group of lipids, there are about three main types: true fats (triglycerides), phospholipids, and steroids. True fats represent the body’s most abundant and concentrated source of usable energy. When they are oxidized, they yield large amounts of energy. They are stored chiefly in fat deposits beneath the skin and around body organs, where they help insulate the body and protect deeper body tissues from heat loss and bumps. True fats are a storage form for excess food, they are stored energy. Any type of food consumed in excess need to be converted to fat and stored. Phospholipids although similar in structure to the true fats, are not stored energy but rather structural components of cells. Lecithin is a phospholipid that is part of our cell membranes and myelin provides electrical insulation for nerve impulse transmission. The third group is steroids and cholesterol is an important steroid. Cholesterol is another component of cell membranes and a form of cholesterol in the skin is changed to vitamin D on exposure to sunlight. All of the sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone are also steroids.
Steroid in animals is further classified as a sterol because of its C3-OH group and its branched aliphatic side chain of 8 to 10 carbon atoms at C17.Cholesterol is a major component of animal plasma membranes, where it is typically present at 30 to 40 mol %, and occurs in lesser amounts in the membranes of their sub cellular organelles. Its polar OH group gives it a weak amphiphilic character, whereas its fused ...
Lipid metabolism is one source of energy for the human body. We eat food containing one form of lipids, triacylglycerols. Before starting lipid metyabolism, these fats get broken down into droplets by bile salts.Triacylglycerols can be broken into fatty acids plus glycerol via hydrolysis with the help of the pancreatic lipase enzymen and then get used by cells for energy by breaking down even further. Once the pancreas and cells have enough energy and don’t need to absorb anymore, fatty acids get synthesized back into triacylgleryols. The excess triacylglycerols get stored in adipose tissue. Excess storage leads to weight gain and obesity.
Carbohydrates are biomolecules that consist of a chain or ring of carbon atoms attached to hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The simplest formula for carbohydrates is (CH2O)n. Carbohydrates are important to organisms for a variety of reasons. They are used to form the structural components of the cell, aid in energy storage, and serve as intermediary compounds for more complex molecules. Carbohydrates are classified as either monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides. Both monosaccharides and disaccharides dissolve easily in water. Carbohydrates are produced in plants through the process of photosynthesis and animals obtain these carbohydrates by eating the plants. ("BIO 1510 Laboratory Manual," 2016)
Hormones of the body can be divided into different classes based on their chemical structure. Those derived from amino acids include amines and peptides and derived from lipids are steroids
The Structure and Function of Carbohydrates Large biological molecules are called macromolecules, there are giant molecules (polymers) made up of repeating units (monomers). Carbohydrates are one of the main classes of biological molecules. Macromolecule units (monomers) are joined together by condensation reactions and hydrolysis reactions split macromolecules down into their individual units. Carbohydrates are molecules that contain elements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates have a 2:1 hydrogen to oxygen ratio, there are twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms (the same proportion as in water).
These 6 are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water, vitamins, and minerals. Carbohydrates are split into two main groups. The simple sugar and the starch. Simple sugars contain fructose, glucose, and lactose. All three sugars can be found in most fruits.
what help create all the living things we see everyday. Lipids are found in all membranes, mainly
One of the four molecules is carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are made out of CHO. The main building blocks are sugars (saccharides). What carbohydrates do for us is they store fuel for our cells. They are fast paced and energetic.
There are many more lipids than I have mentioned in my research paper, there are over a 100 know lipids. Lipids are very important for our body and cells and they carry out many function. They provide nutrients for our body. Lipids are a category of nutrients. Lipids consist of fats, oils, and waxes and are very important for are body’s health. Lipids are important for the human body because they are for storing energy, they’re good at storing energy because they can concentrate a group of calories in a smaller area. Lipids are also used to make soaps, detergents and waxes. These are things that we use in every day life.
Cholesterol is waxy, fat-like substance that is found in the bloodstream and in all cells of the body. It is an important part of the body because our bodies need some cholesterol to build new cells and repair old cell membranes. Cholesterol is also used to insulate nerves in production of hormones. Human body makes some of it, and the rest comes from food we eat such as meats, fish, eggs, poultry, cheese and whole milk. Cholesterol travels through the bloodstream in small packages called lipoproteins. These packages are made of proteins and lipids. There are two kinds of lipoproteins which carry cholesterol throughout our bodies; they are low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). High density lipoprotein is known as good cholesterol. HDL takes the bad cholesterol out of blood by transporting it to the liver and keep it from building up in arteries. Low-density cholesterol is known as bad cholesterol because it can cause arteries to narrow or become blocked. That makes the flow of blood slowing or stopping to vital organs, especially the heart and brain. It also increase chances of getting cardiovasc...
The Function of Lips and Their Biological Significance Lipids are biological molecules and are insoluble in aqueous solutions but are soluble in organic solvents. Specific lipids have a physiological importance to humans; they have three major functions; serving as structural components of biological membranes, act as vitamins and hormones, provide energy storage (triaculglycerols). Lipids are made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Lipids can exist as fats, oils and waxes. Fat and oils are similar in structure as they are triglycerides, however, they physically differ at room temperature fats are solid and oils liquid.
Cholesterol is type of the body's fats. Such as triglyceride, which is important to the body to build blocks of the cell structure, also it is important sources of producing energy and making hormones.
The most important nutrient categories are starches, minerals, sugars, and electrolytes. Starches and minerals fit into the area of complex carbohydrates. Complex carbohydrates are polysaccharides (many sugars bonded together). Because of the multiple bonds, polysaccharides are able to store energy for later use. Simple sugars make up the other group of carbohydrates. The bonding structures of simple sugars are much less advanced that than those of complex carbohydrates. This allows for the burning of simple sugars in an athlete's body. Electrolytes are a category of their own because they are helpful to an athlete all of the time, whether energy storage or energy burning is needed.
Carbohydrates are the main source of glucose, which is a major fuel for all of the body's cells and the only source of energy for the brain and red cells. Except for fiber, which cannot be digested, both simple and complex carbohydrates are converted into glucose. The glucose is then either used directly to provide energy for the body, or stored in the liver for future use. When a person consumes more calories than the body is using, a portion of the carbohydrates consumed may also be stored in the body as fat.
All of these substances serve one purpose or another when consumed into the body. Carbohydrates, for example, are broken down in the body to provide energy for the body to perform reactions and to regain stamina. Protein helps muscles to recover stronger than before as well as help skin and hair cells to develop. Some substances, such as fat and sugar, can be misinterpreted as being harmful to the body. However, fats and sugars are vital to the human body and without them certain processes within the body could not take place ("What's In Food", Nutriti...