Bio-Ethanol And Purification

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Introduction to Bio-ethanol & Purification (yeast)
Bio-ethanol is a type of biofuel, commonly known as the ethanol fuel or ethanol. Ethanol is also known as ethyl alcohol, is made up of two carbon atoms, six hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, having a chemical formula of C2H5OH. Ethanol is a clear, colourless, volatile & flammable liquid (burns when heated) as it has a low boiling point of 78°C. Over the years, bio-ethanol has been produced to reduce or substitute the use of gasoline (petrol). Ethanol is often used in alcoholic beverages, solvent for explosives, cosmetics and perfumes, or even as a fuel of its own. Ethanol can be obtained from the fermentation of plant sugars (simple sugars) and starches (complexed sugars) such as sugar canes, corns & potatoes, with the presence of yeast.
Yeast is an eukaryotic and unicellular organism belonging to the fungi kingdom called taxonomic group. Yeast is a chemoorganotrophic organism that depends on other organic chemicals such as glucose and acetate for carbon and energy. There are different types of yeast species but only a handful hold any value to the fuel alcohol producer. Yeast is often used in production of alcohol and baking purposes. The reaction by which alcoholic beverage is produced is known as fermentation. The overall reaction can be shown below:
C6H12O6 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2

Process Evaluation
1. Process Flow Diagram

2. Bio-ethanol Production process & purification

2.1 Milling
The sugar cane is first delivered to the mill or crushing system and the sugar cane are chopped & shredded. The sugar cane is crushed by rollers to let its juices flow out. The sugar cane juice is then mixed with water. The sugar cane ...

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...e-change/biofuels-alternative-energies-transport/biofuels/raizen/sugar-cane-to-ethanol-animation/accessible.html
SparkNotes LLC. (2014). Glycolysis. Retrieved from http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/cellrespiration/glycolysis/section3.rhtml
Wikipedia. (2014, May). Ethanol. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol#History
Chemhelper. Distillation Guide. Retrieved from http://www.chemhelper.com/distillation.html
WiseGeek, Conjecture Corporation. (2003-2014). What is Extractive Distillation? Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-extractive-distillation.htm#didyouknowout
Paturau, J.M. Alternative Uses of Sugarcane and its byproducts in Agroindustries. Retrieved from www.fao.org/docrep/003/s8850e/s8850e03.htm
Diwan, J.J. (1998-2007). Glycolysis and Fermentation. Retrieved from http://www.rpi.edu/dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb1/part2/glycolysis.htm

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