Description:
According to Nanci Hellmich in USA today, binge-eating disorder, or BED, is the consumption of large amounts of food on a frequent basis without the purging of food (2007). This occurs at least twice a week at rapid consumption, consuming a significant amount of food and calories. This is done in one sitting beyond the feeling of satiation. Obesity is almost always the result (Hellmich, 2007). Poor body image and poor health are seen more so with those who binge-eat compared to other eating disorders. BED occurs later in life (Nunez et al., 2011). BED normally begins in adolescence or adulthood. However, the behavior can begin in childhood as well (Tanofsky-Kraff et al., 2013). The behavior itself typically doe not manifest into BED until adolescence or adulthood (Tanofsky-Kraff et al., 2013).
BioSocial:
Social/Environmental
Childhood physical and sexual abuse are high determinates in binge eating disorders. Children who are abused are twice as likely to develop BED (Ericsson et al., 2012). Abuse victims attempt to relieve stresses by outlets such as food consumption. Guilt and hopelessness immediately follows (Tanofsky, 2007).
Children exposed to bullying because of being overweight are more likely to develop binge eating behavior (Tanofsky-Kraff et al., 2013). This adds stress to the child’s low self-esteem. Parents can be responsible for critical comments.
Parental psychopathology also influences eating disorders. Eating disorders are with internalizing and externalizing behaviors such as physical or mental abuse; or withdrawal and neglect (Ericsson et al., 2012). Studies have shown that those of higher socio-economic status (SES) have a greater association with persons who suffer from BED. People with hig...
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...ves of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy. 15(1), 19-33.
Nunez, A. N., Jimenez, S. M., Alvarez, E. M., Villarejo, C., Diaz, I. S., Augmantell, C. M., …Fernandez, F. A. (2011). Differentiating purging and nonpurging bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 44(6), 488-496.
Tanofsky-Kraff, M., Bulik, C. M., Marcus, M. D., Striegel, R. H., Wilfley, D. E., Wonderlich, S. A. & Hudson, J. I. (2013). Binge eating disorder: The next generation of research. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 46, 193-207. http://ntserver1.wsulibs.wsu.edu:2057/doi/10.1002/eat.22089/full Tanofsky, M. K., Goossens, L., Eddy, K.T., Ringham, R., Goldschmidt, A., Yanovski, S. Z., …Yanovski, J.A. (2007). A multisite investigation of binge eating behaviors in children and adolescents. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology. 75(6), 901-913.
In Andre Dubus’ The Fat Girl, Louise is a young adolescent with detrimental eating habits and broken self-esteem. Her lack of self-confidence stems from her atrocious emotional habitat. Louise receives constant criticism from her mother regarding her weight. Her mother states “If you are fat the boys won’t like you.” That kind of ridicule being said by a mother to her 9 year old daughter creates an atmosphere of self-hatred and self-loathing. It is not only her familial environment that contributes so greatly to Louise’s destructive behavior. She has few friends and the one’s she does have agree she needs to change. The society in which she lives also is a contributing factor; the society is laden with stigmas positioned on appearance. That manner of daily ridicule only introverts Louise even more, causing her secretive, binge eating to deteriorate. In research conducted by Ursula Polli-Potts PhD, Links between Psychological Symptoms and Disordered Eating behaviors in Obese Youths, she explains the correlation between psychological, emotional factors and eating disorders in overweight adolescents. Potts states, “The association between binge eating symptoms and eating in response to feelings of distress and sadness with depression/anxiety symptoms corresponds with the results of other studies.” Potts and her colleagues took overweight adolescents and placed them into control and variable groups to ensure correct data. The outcome of their research was that there is a direct correlation with emotional binge eating and psychological factors. Although more extensive research needs to be implemented, Potts and associates were pleased with the results of the case studies.
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Janssen, I., Craig, W.M., Boyce, W.F. & Pickett, W. 2004, "Associations between Overweight and Obesity with Bullying Behaviors in School-Aged Children", Pediatrics, vol. 113, no. 5 I, pp. 1187-1194.
Ottenberg, A. L., Wu, J. T., Poland, G. A., Jacobson, R. M., Koenig , B. A., & Tilburt, J. C.
Binge-eating disorder is defined as an eating disorder in which a person frequently consumes large amounts of food while feeling out of control and unable to stop. Almost everyone overeats every once in a while but for some people overeating crosses the line to binge-eating disorder and it becomes a regular occurrence. Many people who have this disorder may feel embarrassed about eating large amounts of food in front of others however the urge and compulsiveness of this disorder continues to affect their eating habits. Binge-eating disorder is estimated to affect approximately 1-5% of the general population and also tends to affect women slightly more often than men. Binge-eating disorder is often associated with symptoms of depression and people diagnosed with this may often express distress, shame, and guilt over their eating behaviors.
Recently, a great amount of psychological literature has focused on finding biological and genetic causes of mental illnesses and disorders, including eating disorders. However, according to recent twin studies, the heritability component of eating disorders may only account for 0% to 70% of the variance (Fairburn, Cowen, & Harrison, 1999). The leaves an ample amount of room for speculation of possible environmental risk factors for eating disorders. In this paper, I wish to examine one possible environmental risk that has received attention since the mid-80’s. Since that time, researchers have searched to determine the relationship between childhood sexual abuse, or trauma in general, and the development of eating disorders.
Kobau, R., Zack, M. M., Manderscheid, R., Palpant, R. G., Morales, D. S., Luncheon, C., et al.
Today, America is plagued with eating disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Compulsive Eating Disorders. Each has its own characteristics that distinguish the illness yet there are some similarities that they also share. According to the National Eating Disorders Association, as with most mental illnesses, eating disorders are not caused by just one factor but by a combination of behavioral, biological, emotional, psychological, interpersonal and social factors. Shockingly, they also report that in the United States, there are as many as 10 million females and 1 million males that are battling with eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia. Additionally, another 25 million are struggling with binge eating disorders (www.NationalEatingDisorders.org). Typically, psychological factors such as depression and low self-esteem contribute to eating disorders...
There are many more reasons to developing an eating disorder other than the media. After looking at the affects of media and how researchers explore the concept of development: we will now focus on the other key opponents to the development. Ultimately, if a person’s life situation, environment, and/or genetics leave them open to an Eating ...
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