Understanding Special Education
Introduction
Education is a birthright of every child. Special education involves the education of students with special needs in a way that addresses a students’ individual disabilities and requirements. These programs are designed so that special learners may learn skills which will assist them in coming closer in learning to children without disabilities.
The field of special education has moved from a perspective of protection and caretaking to an emphasis on learning and growth.
My area of focus in education is on students with severe disabilities at any grade level. Teaching with the System of Least Prompts was chosen because the article discusses an evidence-based practice that could be implemented in the classroom and focuses on students with disabilities. Pardon the Interruption was also chosen because of the evidence-based practice discussed that focuses on communication skills and students with disabilities.
Federal law, specifically the Individual with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), mandates school systems to provide support and accommodations to such individuals in order for them to receive the same education in the least restrictive environment as with their peers. The Special Education Program offers a variety of support and modification assistance to b...
Within this assignment, this writer will gaze upon a previous teaching experience in which he believes the given outcomes were less than expected within his developed plan. Conducting reflective practice upon this experience, the writer will conduct a four-fold objective in which could be applied towards this experience of which would benefit both the teacher and learner within the future. These objectives include, first, applying new knowledge on how to construct and communicate objectives, student-centered lessons, and learning styles. Second, the writer will discuss how changes made towards the former selected lesson plan will integrate activities to accommodate diverse learners. Third, the writer will evaluate and describe how changes made to the lesson will ensure the objectives were communicated and the students were engaged. Finally the writer will explain which pedagogy, learning styles, and strategies could be used and the outcome that would transpire from the changes.
Continuity and progression, in the context of education, refer to the ways in which pupils' understanding builds and develops during their time in School. Cohen et al. (2010, pag 134) defines continuity as "an important educational principle, arguing that the curriculum that is planned must build on prior curricular experiences that the students have had." This requires the teacher to assess where the student is in intellectual development, knowledge, skills, organisation and so, in order that subsequent plan can stretch the pupil instead of rendering the learning boring or impossible. Planning for continuity requires to know previously what students have already done, thus during teaching practice one, planning for continuity was achieved after some time getting information about the students and, some meetings with the mentor, in which pupils' previous knowledge and abilities were discussed.
The article stated the five principles for Ells with special needs are “learning and developments that facilitates joint productive activities among students, learners’ prior knowledge and learning, educational activities within the context of students’ prior experiences and skills, complex solutions and higher-level thinking, and ongoing verbal dialogue.” In order to have effective curriculum implementation, teaching must emphasize: “academic content relative to students’ culture, background, environment, and prior experiences; multiple content knowledge and skills that are reinf...
Evidence-based practice is meant to ensure that students receive the best quality instruction possible. It is unlikely that many teachers would disagree with the basic intent of evidence-based teaching practices. However, what people say and what they do are not always in agreement. An essential question for all educators to address is the degree to which evidence-based practices are actually being used in the classroom. Burns and Ysseldyke (2009) developed a survey questionnaire to partially answer this question as it relates to special education instruction. The survey was sent to special education teachers and school psychologists to determine the prevalence of evidence based practices in special education classrooms. The results of the study show that some special education teachers report using methods such as modality instruction social skills training on a weekly basis. The researchers point out that neither modality instruction nor social skills training are evidence-based. In fact, meta-analysis of research on these methods demonstrates a ver...
Kavale and Forness (2000) conducted meta-analysis of research on common classroom interventions for use in special education. The study provided effect sizes (measures of the effectiveness of an intervention) for each intervention. These effect sizes are useful because they give a numerical value that places interventions on a continuum from very effective to not at all effective. The study determined that applied behavioral analysis, direct instruction and mnemonic strategies have a large positive effect on learning. In contrast, the practices of modality instruction, social skills training and perceptual-motor training have a very small effect. These results correspond with what we have learned in our text (Hallahan & Kauffman, 2012). In the case of direct instruction, these results also correspond with my own experience as a classroom teacher.
Ambiguities between the roles and responsibilities of the general and special educator (Fuchs et al., 2010) affect the learning and academic achievement of students with disabilities (Kennedy & Ihle, 2012; Van de Hen & Johnson, 2007), as well as stifle the course between theory and practice (Lincoln & Lynham, 2011). For this reason, the view and understanding of theory varies among educators with dissimilar specializations and learning settings (Isbell, 2013).
This professional development was identified by analyzing trends in the student data, as well as current trends in data collected from the teacher’s recent observations. When talking to the principal at the practicum school site, he was concerned with the overall trends from observations completed by the administrators and district evaluators. These trends showed that the majority of the teachers were being rated in the progressing category (J. Grantham, personal communication, November 1, 2013). During this discussion he felt that this had a direct link to the student’s achievement data which shows students are struggling. He wanted to provide his teachers a professional development to improve the planning of lessons so that more students’ individual needs are being met and all students are intellectually engaged.