Review of Literature
Bernoulli’s Principle A Swiss scientist who was named Daniel Bernoulli in the 18th century discovered the Bernoulli’s Principle. Bernoulli (2009) stated that when the velocity of a gas or a liquid increases the pressure of the fluid would then decrease. This can be applied to many things, such as a plane or bird. Basically anything that uses wings to fly uses the Bernoulli’s Principle. Both birds and planes take an advantage of the Bernoulli the Bernoulli’s Principle. Flight (n.d.)[online] states that airplanes and birds have an airfoil shape. They have this shape in each of their wings and they are used to create lift. An airfoil shape has a certain shape that splits the air at the front part of the wing and it joins
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Lift always require an airfoil. An airfoil uses the Bernoilli’s Principle. That is only part of what you need for lift. You also need an angle of attack. This the angle that is used for your flight. Different angles gives you different results. Some angle can give you lots of lift, but lots of drag, or an angle can give you almost no drag, but little lift. Lift and drag all depends on the shape of the wing, the speed, and the angle of attack. Most planes start out with an angle that has the forward edge that is raised, so it has a lot of lift, and has a good lift to drag ratio. Then it would probably have an angle that gives you less drag and no lift so it could fly and get to the location faster. Weight is another important force of the plane. It basically acts like the opposite of lift. Without weight, it would be hard to come back down to the ground. Airplane designers normally try to make the airplane as light as they can, so the plane can fly faster, and so lift could be created easier and with less drag. Britannica (2014) says that pilots must control the total weight of the plane at all times. This weight includes the passenger, fuel, baggages, etc. Distributing the weight of the plane is as important as the weight of the plane in
Ever since I was little I was amazed at the ability for a machine to fly. I have always wanted to explore ideas of flight and be able to actually fly. I think I may have found my childhood fantasy in the world of aeronautical engineering. The object of my paper is to give me more insight on my future career as an aeronautical engineer. This paper was also to give me ideas of the physics of flight and be to apply those physics of flight to compete in a high school competition.
First, aerodynamics is the study of the motion of the air. Aerodynamics consists of 4 variables, which is thrust, gravity, lift, and drag. (Tennekes,H, 2009) Aerodynamics has to do with almost everything dealing with air of course.(Tennekes,H ,2009) For example, it can be air crafts, it can be wings, it can be birds, it can be a race car. Birds need aerodynamics so they can glide in the air so they can also gain enough speed to catch prey. Like a hawk swooping down 70 miles an hour to get a mouse to eat. Race cars need aerodynamics so that the car structure can have the most air resistance it wont apply as much pressure onto the car. Like birds air crafts also need aerodynamics for the wings on the aircraft or the weight of the aircraft. (Paper Airplane Aerodynamics,2013)
Have you wondered why airplanes were ever able to fly or how racecars are able to stay on the ground at high speeds? They all use a scientific concept called Bernoulli’s principle, or more commonly known as Bernoulli’s equation. His principle simply states that the faster a fluid flows, the less pressure it applies, the slower the fluid flows, the more pressure it applies.
They found that birds tilted their wings for balance and control, and tried to simulate this, developing a concept called “wing warping.” When they added a moveable rudder, the Wright brothers found they had the formula-on December 17, 1903, they succeeded in flying the first controlled flight of a power-driven airplane. Wilbur flew their plane for 59 seconds, at 852 feet, a crazy
First of all you will have to understand the principles of flight. An airplane flies because air moving over and under its surfaces, particularly its wings, travels at different velocities, producing a difference in air pressure, low above the wing and high below it. The low pressure exerts a pulling influence, and the high pressure a pushing influence. The lifting force, usually called lift, depends on the shape, area, and tilt of the wing, and on the speed of the aircraft. The shape of the wing causes the air streaming above and below the wing to travel at different velocities. The greater distance over which the air must travel above the curved upper surface forces that air to move faster to keep pace with the air moving along the flat lower surface. According to Bernoulli’s principle, it is this difference in air velocity that produces the difference in air pressure.
Drag is caused by the disrupted air immediately behind an object moving through fluid/air. It acts perpendicular to and in the opposite direction of travel of the object and impedes the motion of the object. It would make sense that if the drag is minimized, the object will travel farther. Lift or curve in the motion of an object through air is a phenomenon that is noticeable in a ball traveling through fluid/air. This change in direction is due to the effect that spin has on the object in motion.
For a plane to create lift, its wings must create low pressure on top and high pressure on the bottom. However, at the tips of the wings, the high pressure pushes and the low pressure pulls air onto the top of the wing, reducing lift and creating a current flowing to the top. This current remains even after the wing has left the area, producing really awesome vortices.
What is aerodynamics? The word comes from two Greek words aerios concerning the air, and dynamis, meaning powerful. Aerodynamics is the study of forces and the resulting motion of objects through the air. Humans have been interested in aerodynamics and flying for thousands of years, although flying in a heavier-than-air machine has been possible only in the last hundred years. Aerodynamics affects the motion of a large airliner, a model rocket, a beach ball thrown near the shore, or a kite flying high overhead. The curve ball thrown by big league baseball pitchers gets its curve from aerodynamics.
Simply put, the less weight your dragster has, the faster it will go. This is the most important factor that will figure into your design. Keep it light!
As the air flows over the wing producing lift, it grabs onto the wings surface and causes drag. Drag can be measured by the equation D=Cd 1/2 (pV2)S, much like the lift equation. The drag coeficent Cd is found, again, by determining ...
This paper will explain a few of the key concepts behind the physics of skydiving. First we will explore why a skydiver accelerates after he leaps out of the plane before his jump, second we will try and explain the drag forces effecting the skydiver, and lastly we will attempt to explain how terminal velocity works.
Flight uses four forces: lift, weight, thrust, and drag. In a nutshell; so to speak, an airplane must create enough lift to support its own weight. Secondly, the airplane must produce thrust to propel itself. Finally, the aircraft must overcome the drag or the force of resistance on the airplane that is moving through the air. All four of these forces are vital and necessary for an aircraft to move, takeoff, fly, and land.
The basic concepts of lift for an airplane is seen. The air that is flowing splits to move around a wing. The air that that moves over the wing speeds up creating lower pressure which means that the higher pressure from the air moving slower under the wing pushes up trying to equalize the pressure. The lift generated can be affected by the angle at which the wing is moving into the flowing air. The more surface area of the wing resisting against the flow of air can either generate lift or make the plane dive. This can be easily simulated in everday life. Next time you are riding in a car with someone stick your hand out the window. Have your fingers pointing in the direction of the motion of the vehicle. Now move your hand up and down slightly. You can feel the lift and drag that your hand creates.
Lift is generated by the air flow around the plane's wing. This effect is explained mostly by Bernoulli's Principle which states that the pressure of the air decreases as the velocity of the air increases. The design of a plane's wing changes the airflow around the wing's surface. The air has farther to travel over the top of the wing than the air traveling below the wing. Therefore, the air traveling above the wing is traveling at a higher velocity than the air traveling below it. As air flows around the wing, a high pressure region with low air velocity is created below the wing, and a low pressure region with high air velocity is created above the wing. The difference between the two pressures generates the lift force. (JEPPESEN 1-11)
The creation of the airplane dates back to December 17, 1903 in Kitty Hawk North Carolina(inventors.about), which was created by Orville and Wilbur Wright. The experiment for the first plane consisted of taking a man and placing him in the plane and then having the plane raise by its own power, in result this would cause it to fly in a natural manner at even speeds and then defending without any damage (Bellis). The craft they created was called a biplane. A biplane, an aircraft of early design, consists of two sets of wings placed at different levels in a vertical stack with the fuselage(the body of an airplane, containing the cockpit, passenger seating, and cargo) between them. Also the first airplane soared at a height of ten feet and went one hundred twenty feet and touched back down after fifty nine seconds in the air (Bellis). Today theres 1,568 commercial airlines and 23,844 aircrafts in commercial service (Fact Sheet: