Article: Tamm, Toomas; Seddon, Peter B.; Shanks, Graeme; and Reynolds, Peter (2011) "How Does Enterprise Architecture Add Value to Organisations?,"
This article is about how organisations benefit from an enterprise architect. It critically focuses on different review techniques on exploring the detailed benefits of using an enterprise architect. Claim some proposed benefits are interrelated or overlapped.
The article starts of with a detailed definition of what is Enterprise Architecture, it defines EA as the “definition and representation of a high-level view of an enterprise‘s business processes and IT systems, their interrelationships, and the extent to which these processes and systems are shared by different parts of the enterprise.“
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Discipline: he describes that enterprise architects has the skills and the knowledge of thinking about the structures of the enterprise known as a discipline.
2. Process: He describes that enterprises architectures are developed through processes, how the processes are managed, how they change and evolve and how architectures are created.
3. Set of work products: Enterprise architecture are described as a set of models and representations to view the structure of an enterprise.
He then talks about the enterprise architects goal that they provide the view of the current structure of the enterprise showing the limitations and constraints from producing models, diagrams, plans and roadmap that gives options that can improve and able to reach their target enterprise structure.
This video is a good in quickly understanding the role of the enterprise architect and why are needed in the organization and how they are benefitted. The diagrams show in the video is clear and simple to understand.
Critical Review of: “Lankhorst M 2009, Enterprise architecture at work: modelling, communication and analysis, 2nd edn, Springer, New York. Chapter 5 A Language for Enterprise
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It talks the importance of conceptual integrity, meaning ‘the degree to which a model can be understood by a single human mind”. At its core, how easily is the model can be understood by someone else. I do find it very true that everyone has a different way of understanding the models, some may be confused, may lead to the wrong idea or don’t understand the model techniques used.
Further in the chapter, it guides us to how to model and what is needed to be considered in a model, such as the need to be consistent, recognizable concepts and structures, iteratively and economical.
I most interested in the “before you start” section, it specifically asks questions to yourself in considering before starting to model. It makes us analyse and brainstorm.
Later in the chapter it shows examples of the models created for the business, application and technology layer. Gives us specific techniques and terms needed that are used in the models.
Lastly reviewing the model. It is again coming back to the conceptual integrity. Checking the model is readable, its effect. It also includes many visual aspects such as colour, font, symbols and its layout. Checking the readability is very important because stakeholders will need to know and understand the same way as the enterprise architect depending on what and who is designed, to inform and decide
Stage 3 involves creating an Architectural Model version of the whole system including sub systems. A Viewpoint Hierarchy shows a skeleton version of the system which can be ins...
Lorsch, J. W. (1987), “Organisation Design: A Situational Perspective”, Academy of Management Review, January Issue, pp. 117 – 132.
This explains why for ‘many directors, commercial and industrial architecture are just a necessary shell for their business processes’ (Susanne-Knittel Ammerschuber (2006) pg10). They consider dimensions for example surfaces, floor levels and converted space to be the stand out feature of this corporate architecture. Through doing this, the architectural ethos is overlooked during design. The architectural potential is therefore limited as it tends to overlook the surrounding context; the urban environment, local identity as well as the surrounding landscape design. Instead it...
This essay will discuss Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) implementation, specifically in the factors which can leads that ERP implementation to successful and unsuccessful ERP implementation.
...se and validity of models, leading to a hinderers in the knowledge we gain. Take into account a map, they are not fully to scale to represent the three-dimensional world around us, which has several levels of elevations and can 't be perfectly modelled as a map. We will never be able to a microscope with our naked ey, but the infinity evolving models of atoms give us a better understanding of them. Models will never be fully perfect but they will give us the chance to think and understand a concept and make valid judgments based on a given situation. Will we ever be able to establish specifically what knowledge is? No. But the use of models will give us a somewhat near realistic understanding of what is actually happening. All in all the usage of models as learning tools helps us a great deal, however their functions and applications will always come with hinderances.
defined ERP system as “computer-based systems designed to process anorganization’s transactions and facilitate integrated and real-time planning, production,and customer response.”
The purpose of implementing an ERP system in a company is when the company isn’t operating efficiently. Look at it like this, when your body is sick, you know you need to take medicine, you just can’t stand the taste. And in the same matter when your company isn’t operating efficiently, you’ve got to take steps to correct it. Most companies just fear the disruption, the learning, and the cost and the inconvenience of it all. “Another way to look at or understand ERP is cars have dashboards so the driver can get to where he or she wants to go. Airports have control towers to make sure everything and everyone gets to where they need to be. All of your typical individual machines have control panels so you can make them do what they are supposed to do”. (Jones, W (2006, 01). Roadmap to Fusion: Engaging Oracle Consulting on the path to your next business platform. Orcacle Corporation World Headquarters,)
The model has six phases that are meant to build off each other. The first phase is to analyze the learners, their general characteristics and learning style. Understanding the learners will help the designer work through the next steps. The next phase is to state the objectives, learning outcomes and desired behaviors the students will demonstrate. Selecting the technology to be used and then utilizing the selected technology are the next two steps. This is where the ASSURE model differs from many as it specifically builds technology and media into the model. Require learner participation and give the student feedback is the next step. The designer will find ways to involve the learner in the learning through activities, discussions or hands on projects. The final letter of the model, E, is for evaluation. Evaluate the effectiveness of the learning and the media used against the objectives to verify the intended outcome was achieved. Modifications or revisions will then be made as necessary based on the information from the evaluation. It should be noted, that changes and modifications can be made at any stage as well and the designer should not wait until the evaluation if a change is needed (CSU-Global,
Within the analysis phase a set of goals are needed within the domain. From this there are three perspectives which are taken; the object model the Ronald LeRoi Burback (1998) states “dynamic model, and a functional model. The object model represents the artifacts of the system. The dynamic model represents the interaction between these artifacts represented as events, states, and transitions. The functional model represents the methods of the system from the perspective of data flow.” After the analysis phase the system design phase takes place. Here the system is sub-categorized and appointed tasks and persistent data storage is established, also within this phase the architecture is formed. Lastly the object design phase starts and is where the implementation plan is established and algorithms and object classes are also
“From early on the ambition of ERP-systems has been used to integrate all transaction systems within the one system which combines all information and practices across full organisation, and gives proper information for decision-making in real-time” (Bjorn-Andersen & Johansson 2007)
Architectural engineers help plan how a building is constructed so that it will look and function the way it was designed. Their work includes preparing building design and construction documents, cost estimating and construction-related projects. Architectural engineers should be creative, inquisitive, analytical, and detail-oriented. They should be able to work as part of a team and be able to communicate well, both orally and in writing.
Hence, at this stage it is to explore and experiments with models, dummies and storyboards so that we can portray a glimpse of how the design will look like in reality, not to mention this method also can be used to convey ideas so that they can be understood in this context.
E-business is a wider concept that takes into account all the aspects of use of information technology in business. Apart from buying and selling, it also includes servicing customers, collaboration with business partners, and engages incorporation across business processes and communication within the organisation (Rowley, 2002)
An effective e-business architecture should be built after a careful analysis of the way a company does business, for implementing an appropriate architecture is a way to make businesses overall more efficient. When developing an e-business architecture, a company must first take into consideration its current business structure or how they would like this structure to be if it's a new business, and from that point develop an architecture that will take the business to a next level of organization and management.
META Group considers enterprise architecture as a process as opposed to an object, thereby referring to it as enterprise architecture process. Its enterprise architecture describes the systematic linkages between the enterprise business, technical architectures, information and enterprise solution architecture. It has modified the traditional enterprise architecture in a manner that extends from the level of business strate...