Bellergal Spacetabs is a fairly new drug consisting of three drugs: Belladonna, Ergotamine and Phenobarbital. Belladonna is a naturally occurring mixture that helps to relieves symptoms of nausea, spasms, and migraines. It is taken orally and consisting of 40.0mg of Phenobarbital, 0.2mg of Belladonna and 0.6mg of Ergotamine tartrate. Spacetabs are classed as antimuscarinics/antispasmodics, in which antispasmodic drugs are used to control spasms typically associated with the gut and intestines. Antimuscarinics are receptor antagonists, which block the activity of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Ergotamine narrows bloods vessels involved in head circulation, and is commonly used in the treatment of headaches. Lastly Phenobarbital is a sedative, which reduces brain and nervous system activity. This combination of drugs is typically used to treat patients with nervous tension, migraines and women with menopause symptoms.
Menopause affects an estimated 75% (Umland, 2008) women and is commonly associated with women above the age of 45. Menopause is caused by a change in the balance of the bodies sex hormones. Leading up to menopause oestrogen levels decrease; this causes both physical and emotional symptoms such as: hot flashes, night sweats, anxiety, depression, mood swings and vaginal dryness in both pre and post menopause. Since it is also used for migraine treatment, I think it is important to acknowledge some economic costs associated with this common condition. In the United States alone a total of 112 million bedridden days are given to workers annually. Resulting in a loss of $13billion a year in productivity, with $8 billion directly related to missed days. (Hu, et al. 1999). Annually direct medical cost for migraines wer...
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...d Ergotamine reduce the symptoms caused by these conditions. It is key to note that they do not cure migraines once they have occurred, but are prescribed as a preventive measure for migraines. Once taken over a period of time, the migraines if they persist are typically less severe and for a shorter duration. This is possible as Spacetabs have a rating of N/A by the Control Substance Act, meaning they the drug is not monitored by the government. Overall it is perceived to be a safe drug but should not be taken during pregnancy or nursing. As it effects the umbilical cord and uterus wall, and can pass from mother to baby during breast feeding.The major issue I see with the drugs, would be the environmental effects as the majority of the drug is excreted through our waste, entering the water system. It would be interesting to see how this drug effects the ecosystem.
Dabigatran is a direct reversible thrombin inhibitor that has been approved for treatment of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) based on results of the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) study, but its use for other indications remains untested. It works by inhibiting both free and clot-bound thrombin, which enables the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin. Dabigatran is eliminated primarily by the kidneys and it’s dosed orally.5
If the drug is being used primarily to treat severe pain not responsive to other analgesics, in a painful terminal condition, (such as advanced widespread cancer), it may ...
In the 20th century it is now known that menopausal women became an estrogen deficiency disease similar to diabetes but with many physical and emotional outcomes. Changes in ovarian hormone levels (declining estrogen and progesterone levels) may also explain the emotional inconsistencies women face at this time. Some experts believe the loss in estrogen in relation to glucose levels may affect cognition. Changes in estrogen levels can be controlled by estrogen therapy various studies have suggested that replacing estrogen levels can reverse cognitive changes and ultimately improve memory. In the early 21st-century we find out that there are more possible long-term health risks associated with menopause, such as increased risks of depression, osteoporosis, heart disease, cognitive impairment and even dementia.
Menopause, also know as “the change” is a normal stage in the life cycle of aging women. During menopause a women’s body slowly produces less of the two female hormones, estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen promotes the normal development of the female breast and uterus, controls the ovulation cycle, and affects women’s physical and emotional health, while progesterone controls menstruation and prepares the lining of the uterus to receive the fertilized egg.
Another advantage of these types of drugs is that 80 to 90 percent give relief to positive symptoms, which would include hallucinatio...
...e toxic affects of older drugs. Migraine and schizophrenia treatments are also based off of drugs that target serotonin neurotransmitters.
Jane did explain that since the history of migraine headache had been going on for years it was going to take a while prior to seen any results but it was going to take some lifestyle changes other than the acupuncture to achieve the goal. The author left the office in a great note. Unable to gauge the results of the treatment yet but with a hopeful outlook for the future.
Magnesium sulfate is used as a tocoytic medicine to slow uterine contractions. It is given intravenously until contr...
This case was interesting and was chosen for this SOAP note and discussion. Several things were captured in this learning opportunity. First of all, the assessment piece needed to include all of the potential differentials. I discovered myself relying on patterned learning to recall what areas should this focused exam include. Headaches are broad symptoms that can potentially result from many system alterations and can be related to many differentials. Initially, I considered migraine/tension headache history, acute illness (infection/sinusitis), acute injury (trauma or brain bleed), cerebral abnormality (aneurysm/stroke), and secondary causes related to uncontrolled HTN. I then began to narrow the differentials the most likely diagnosis such as tension-type headache based on the details obtained from the history/physical. Next, I began to consider treatment for tension-type headaches. The area of learning in the case was related to the additional treatment with Lyrica for the headaches. I considered the typical interventions such as rest, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, stress reduction, diet, and trigger recognition. I considered the influence of co-morbid condition management, such as HTN, DM, and obesity. I had not considered that the HA potentially be related to her fibromyalgia (FM). According
Menopause, also know as “the change” is a normal stage in the life cycle of aging women. During menopause a women’s body slowly produces less of the two female hormones, estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen promotes the normal development of the female breast and uterus, controls the ovulation cycle, and affects women’s physical and emotional health, while progesterone controls menstruation and prepares the lining of the uterus to receive the fertilized egg.
Phenobarbital is classified as an anticonvulsant. This classification of drugs is used to “decrease the incidence and severity of seizures” (Deglin et al, 2011). The drug acts by depressing the central nervous system and preventing it from reaching a level where seizures would occur. This drug can be given several different ways. It can be given by mouth, intramuscular, subcutaneously, and as an IV medication. After it is absorbed into the body it is metabolized by the liver. The drug is used by the body and then is excreted via the kidneys. A patient should not be given this drug if they have a high sensitivity to the drugs, problems with their liver of kidneys, is experiencing uncontrolled pain, or has any respiratory diseases. The patient should not take if breastfeeding and should take with caution if pregnant. (Deglin et al, 2011)
The opiates that are used are mainly :Butalbital compunds (Fioricet, Fiorinal) and Acetaminophen and Codeine combinations such as Tylenol with codeine .These are relatively weaker members of the narcotic class , but their use can be reserved only in case another migraine pharmacotherapy did not work. Butorphanol( Stadol) nasal spray can be used as abortive therapy for migraines. It is a mixed agonist/antagonist opoid ,but its use has to be restricted in substance abuse patients due to its high potential for
According to the CDC (2015), age is considered the leading cause of menopause or the end of a female’s childbearing years. Perimenopausal symptoms are similar to menopausal symptoms, but a patient’s life is really impacted due to the decreased risk of having children. The PICOT for this capstone is: In perimenopausal symptom females (P), who use holistic herbal therapies (I) compared to similar groups who use contemporary therapies (C) will show an improved quality of life and decreased negative menopause symptoms (O) over a six month period (T). According to the Cleveland Clinic (2016), perimenopause or menopause transition can begin around age 30, 40, or eight to 10 years before traditional menopause when the ovaries slowly decrease the amount of estrogen. Also, perimenopause can endure over one to two years up until menopause at which time the ovaries will completely stop the release
Marturana, A. (2016). What headaches can tell you about your health. Retrieved October 27, 2017, from www.self.com
Estrogen and Progesterone deserve attention when it comes to women's health care as Menopause and Peri-Menopause conditions and symptoms are widely known. These two hormones begin declining by twenty-five percent in woman between thirty-five and fifty years old. A hormonal imbalance is caused by the rapid decrease during menopause which results in several symptoms that are unpleasant and increased vulnerability to things such as depression, various cancers, osteoporosis and heart disease.