Basque is the ancestral language of the Basque people of Basque Country. The Basque Language is one of the languages that is more famously known for being a non Indo-European Language in Europe. Basque has, “no known linguistic relatives and is spoken by about 720,000 people mainly in the north of Spain and the south west of France”[5]. Also known has Basque Country. Because Basque has no known linguistic relatives it is considered a language isolate. Today there are numerous dialects of Basque depending of the geographical region where its being spoken. “A standardized form of the Basque language, called Euskara Batua, was developed by the Basque Language Academy in the late 1960s”[1]. Basque has many distinctive linguistic features that makes Basque different from many Indo-European languages like German and French.
A very interning and distinctive morphological feature of Basque would be the reduplication of words. “Reduplication in linguistics is a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word (or part of it) or even the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change”[8]. We can see the use of reduplication in the word, “Brista-brista” [8]. Which means to be walking very fast. We can also see the use of reduplication in the word, “dar-dar”, which is to tremble[8]. Reduplication in Basque can be full or partial reduplication. “Full reduplication involves a reduplication of the entire word while partial reduplication involves a reduplication of only part of the word”[8] Reduplication is used in many words in Basque reduplication can be but more than anything it is used in words that represent sounds and motion. In Basque this is a particularly and unique feature because it is not seen in Indo-European lang...
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...Basque_grammar>.
[3]"Basque ." Wikipedia. n.p, Web. 16 Jan. 2014.
Basque_language>.
[4]"The Nature of the Basque Language." San José State University. n.p, Web. 16 Jan. 2014.
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[5]"Basque (euskara)." omniglot. n.p, Web. 16 Jan. 2014.
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[6]Language Basque." The World Atlas of language structures online. n.p, Web. 16 Jan. 2014.
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[7]"Reduplication." wikipedia. n.p, Web. 16 Jan. 2014.
Reduplication#Full_and_partial_reduplication>.
[8]. Antuñano, Iraide. "TTIPI-TTAPA TTIPI-TTAPA... KORRIKA!!! MOTION AND SOUND
SYMBOLISM IN BASQUE*." Universidad de Zaragoza. n.p, Web. 16 Jan. 2014.
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Berdichevsky, Norman. “Spain’s Language Diversity.” Contemporary Review. 278: May 2001. 276 –82. Web. 15 April 2015.
Author(s): Judie Newman Source: The Modern Language Review, Vol. 98, No. 4 (Oct., 2003), pp. 817-826
The language is also made up of 25 consonants; “B (be), C (ce), CH (che), D (de), F (efe), G (ge), H (hache) J (jota), K (ka), L (ele), LL (elle), M (eme), N (ene), Ñ (eñe), P (pe), Q (cu), R (ere), RR (erre), S (ese), T (te), V (uve), W (doble ve), X (equis), Y (i griega), Z (zeta).” These letters can be stressed when the indicated with the symbol //. (Warren 2016)
"UCLA Language Materials Project: Language Profile." UCLA Language Materials Project: Main. UCLA. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. .
In the field of Modern Languages and Linguistics, words are of great importance. A language’s phonology (study of how sounds are organized and used), morphology (study of the form and structure of words), syntax (study of the rules that govern sentence structure), semantics (study of meaning of words, sentences, and expressions), pragmatics (study of aspects of meaning and language use and context), and phonetics (study of human speech sounds) all play an important part in everyday life. These have a major impact in understanding the intent of what is spoken or heard. Due to the importance of communication, literary elements such as metaphors (which are defined as a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea that is used in place of another to suggest a likeness between them), takes on greater cultural significance. This is especially true of the Spanish language.
Hallen, Cynthia L. "The History of the Latin Language." Department of Linguistics Brigham Young University. Last modified September 6, 1999. Accessed January 9, 2014. http://linguistics.byu.edu/classes/ling450ch/reports/latin.html
Spanglish is a well-known term that describes the linguistic behaviors on Spanish speakers, who’s Spanish is uniquely influenced from the English language. Spanglish can also be defined as a “mixed-code vernacular that includes a range of linguistic phenomena, most notably code-switching”. Despite the fact that Puerto Rican linguist, Salvador Tio, coined the term ‘Spanglish’ in the late 1940’s, this language contact phenomena has actually been used over the past 150 years, since the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed. Some would consider Spanish a 3rd language and some would dismiss it as unorganized slang. In modern society, Spanglish is classified as a popular term, not a technical one. Although many variations of Spanglish do exist and is widely denounced for being a form of slang, Spanglish has proven, to hold its own flexible syntax, grammar interface, and switching rules.
The article The Strange Persistence of First Languages by Julie Sedivy was an intriguing and eye-opening piece of writing to read. The concepts she brought to life through her explicit writing revealed many things I had never heard of before. The further I read, the more I wanted to know and the deeper my interest became. As a monolingual, this article was insightful, captivating and ultimately provided me with a new perspective on language.
Clark, Virginia P., Paul A. Eschholz, and Alfred F. Rosa. Language: Introductory Readings. 7th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2008. Print.
Niemi, Jussi and Matti Laine. 1997. Slips of the tongue as linguistic evidence: Finnish word initial segments and vowel harmony. Folia (Linguistica 31. 161=175.
Hence, the overall goal of this study is to investigate the Hasawi plosive phonemes and how they shape different allophones. This paper is divided into five main sections: the first section is an introduction of the topic including an overview of the dialect; the second section is a review of the literature which includes brief previous related studies; the methodology used for this study is described in the third section; the fourth section demonstrates the findings of this study; and finally the conclusion.
...rles D. Fennig(eds). 2014. Ethnology: Languages of the world, Seventeenth edition. http://www.ethnologue.com/endangered-languages . Downloaded on the 4 May 2014
prevalent within a single dialect, a single national language or a single group of social language. It is one of the most significant “modes in the historical life and evolution of all languages … [and] language and languages change historically primarily by means of hybridization” (Bakhtin, 2011, 358). The conscious hybridization, on the other hand, is an intentional hybrid that is primarily applied as “an artistic device” (Bakhtin, 2011, p. 358). Bakhtin (2011) defines these hybrid constructions
"Linguistics 201: First Language Acquisition." Linguistics 201: First Language Acquisition. Western Washington University, n.d. Web. 8 Sep. 2013. .
Speech says Saussure, “has both an individual and social side … always implies both establish system and evolution” (Course in General Linguistics p. 8). All changes in language occur in parole, in the actual speech act. But only some of these changes become institutionalised in langue. Saussure states that langue, should not be confused with human speech, it is a system or structure of speech codes. He argued that linguistic elements are relational, that it is viewpoint that creates the object of linguistic study. Because so much depends on viewpoint, the nature of the linguistic sign is necessarily arbitrary.