These values can be proposed to be used to make a basketball which can bring about the least amount of injury to the eye.
Discussion
In this study, the deformations and stresses to the eye components as a result of ball impact with various diameters, stiffness, and intra pressures were numerically investigated using a 3D computational FSI model. The objective first was to understand the role of each variable in the amount of injury to the eye and, then, try to find suitable characteristics of a basketball which brings about the least amount of injury to the components of the eye. A basketball with a set of measured parameters hit the established CT/MRI FE model of the eye and the deformations and stresses in all its components were measured
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The results in terms of the ball impact at various diameters were investigated and the results were presented (Fig. 5). The findings showed there is no connection between the deformed area on the cornea and that of the various diameters since the measured diameters/areas in the cornea were all had the same values. It should be noted that the reported areas in here were measured up to the deformation of ~ 0.82 mm in the Z-axis of the cornea. Thus, as a result of small deformation in the cornea, it is expected to see the most severe deformation in the cornea comparing to other components of the eye. Regarding the graph showed next to each panel of the cornea, it is observed that at the same deformation in the cornea even the resultant deformation in the center part of the cornea is the same. The reason is that the impacted ball whether with the diameter of 20 or 26 cm due to a very small size of the eyeball brings about the same amount of deformation area in the cornea. These results also imply that regardless of the sports ball sizes, the impacted area in the eye may not vary (Fig. 5). It is obvious that knowing the impacted area on the eyeball, especially the cornea, may help to understand the propagated deformation or stresses in those components located in the posterior side of the …show more content…
It is known that the geometry and deformation of an object have crucial role in the stresses occur in an element. In here, also, the results imply that the area, which is relating to the geometry of the ball is the dominant factor since basketball at different diameters induced the highest range of variance in the stresses comparing to the others balls’ features. However, changing the elastic modulus of the balls had no considerable role in the amount of von Mises stress induced in the eye components as displayed in Fig. 6. The stresses in the Z-direction due to the impact of a ball at a larger diameter triggered a concentrated stress in the center location of the anterior components of the eye while these vectors as a result of a larger ball impact tend to be located not only in the center but also in the circumference locations. In addition, changing the intra pressure of the balls bring about no variation in the stress values of the components of the eye (Fig. 6). According to the obtained results, it is found that the stresses induced due to the basketball impact at a smaller diameter can move in a wide range of directions while at a larger diameter it may only affect a small area. Therefore, basketball at the diameter of 20 cm produced the stress vectors which is higher for the components located in the anterior side of the eye, such as the cornea,
ACL Injuries in Athletes The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) attaches the femur, which is the thighbone, and the tibia, which is the shin, together (northstar). A torn ACL is one of the most excruciating experiences in an athlete’s life. It is the first thing that comes to mind when they hurt their knee on the field; for many it is their greatest fear. A torn ACL can sometimes mean the end of an athlete’s career.
Football is a sport your mother warns you not to play, but your father is on the other side of the argument, encouraging you to do it because it is a “man’s game”. Even though you don’t want ruin your manhood, your mother is always right. Football is in the top three of most injuries caused in sports (HEALTH GRADES, INC) and a majority of it comes from concussions. A concussion is a temporary unconsciousness caused by a blow to the head. Football helmets are used to prevent that from happening and is still a battle today on creating the perfect helmet to protect these young athletes. The football helmet has undergone significant transformation during the evolution of the game. To find out how this important head gear came to be, you have to
Biomechanics allows the study of ice hockey to occur. In terms of ice hockey, biomechanics can be used to study a players shot, a goaltenders movement, line changes where players jump over the boards to get on and off the ice, and impacts. Multiple options are available in regards to recording biomechanical values during ice hockey play. These options often include instruments with the player’s helmet, which do not disrupt the player’s movement. Other options being used are accelerometers attached to the players extremities. Currently studies in ice hockey are looking at head impacts and the injuries connected to those impacts. These impacts are often categorized between event type, impact location, and impact object. These categories are helpful in determining what happened to cause the impact, once the impact is determined biomechanics is used to determine liner and rotational accelerations. The values that are calculated for the linear and rotational accelerations can be used to determine if head injury is likely for similar events or if a head injury occurred during the event
Kids just want to have fun. In a bygone era, parents wanted kids to play sports for fun and camaraderie. However, a new attitude is developing among coaches and parents, which is mopping-up fun from youth sports. Now it's all about the team and the game. The team must win the game at any cost.
Sports Medicine is a medical field that specializes with physical fitness, treatment and prevention of injuries related to sports and exercise. It was introduced around the early Greek and Roman era when the first modern Olympic Games took place. The Greek felt they could do something to help heal and prevent injuries that the athletes were receiving. Now in sports medicine, certain injuries can only be assessed and treated by specific physicians. These physicians can include physical therapists, athletic trainers, and strength and conditioning coaches. Although sports physicians are most commonly seen by athletes after they are hurt so they can be treated, there are some physicians that are seen before an injury occurs so that they can learn how to prevent injuries.
“Concussions in Sports and Recreation.” Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine 8.1 (2007): 2-6. Print. The. Bartholet, Jeffery. A. “The Collision Syndrome.”
Football is one of the most popular sports in the world. It is played in a lot of different ways, fashions, and other countries. It can be a very brutal sport with players hitting at the intent to hurt one another. With these intents come great consequences. In recent years the head injuries involved with this brutal game play have been getting uncomfortably high. Many rules have had to be enforced for player safety, because of the increase of head injuries resulting in tragic effects on players both old and new. One of the injuries that have had the most devastating effects is the concussion.
The stress ball is like the hockey ball and doesn’t have great bounce efficiency as it is designed for other reasons then bouncing, and has low density. When in the air, the gravitational energy pulling it downwards is not strong and as it turns into kinetic energy among impact, the stress ball has only little
Football is one sport that has scientists working around the clock on finding the perfect solution to help decrease concussions. Scientist, Vincent Farrara, created the Xenith X1 Helmet in 2004. Ferrara used to be a quarterback for Harv...
Some of the effects could be that one pupil could look bigger than the other pupil. One side of your face could be regular and the other side of your face can look very different. Some symptoms of a concussion are loss of consciousness , drowsiness , confusion , blurred vision , and other symptoms. It really depends on how hard they hit you. Reports show an increasing number of retired NFL players who have suffered concussions have developed memory and cognitive issues such as dementia.
Viano, David C., and David Halstead. "Change in Size and Impact Performance of Football Helmets
Struggling to maintain consciousness as well as retain my vision after embracing a brutal hit enforced from an opposing player really makes me question the seriousness of football related trauma. How many injuries does it take until it really matters? For me, after having experience with concussions, I came to the realization that the positive externalities of football do not make up for the numerous negative externalities. Football, as well as any other contact sport, can be very dangerous and potentially threatening to a persons overall health and future.
The principle described is that of elasticity. If a collision is very elastic, more kinetic energy is conserved resulting in a greater amount of acceleration or deceleration of the objects involved. Within the context of football helmets, inelastic collisions mean smaller magnitudes of acceleration and fewer brain injuries.
The nerves are raging, mainly in his stomach as the butterflies flutter till no end. "Is everything ok? Will everything go as planned?" He couldn't stop thinking about what might happen. Images were racing wild as he thought about his teammates going to battle without him. He couldn't comprehend why he had to let them handle it on their own. He has played with them since they were in eighth grade, and when they need him the most, all he can do is sit and cheer. He hates this feeling of helplessness, but at the same time he knows he has to do what little he can do, well.
More than 38 million children and adolescents participate in organized sports in the United States each year. The most sports related injuries in kids are scrapes and bruises, brain and spinal injuries, teeth, ankles, knees, ACL, eyes, pulled muscles, sunburn and broken bones.... ... middle of paper ... ...