I chose to assess Barry University’s compliance with Title IX’s regulations. To begin I need to state the three prong test so that it is understood whether Barry even complies, and if so which parts we comply with at Barry. To figure this entire thing out, I feel it is best to explain what Title IX is and does. Then I will explain the revenue Barry generates for the Athletics, and how that revenue is proportioned among the men’s and women’s athletic teams. Finally with all of this data I can begin to analyze how Barry complies with Title IX.
Title IX says that in the United States of America, no person on the basis of sex will be discriminated against or denied the benefits of an education or activity if it receives federal funding. So due to the fact that athletics are a benefit of education programs they fall under Title IX. Barry needs to comply because we receive funding in our departments.
My first target was to figure out the exact statistics for Barry with regards to enrollment, athletic participation, and the number of teams available to men and women. Without these statistics I would be unable to assess compliance with Title IX. I have discovered that Barry enrolls 3,802 undergraduate students, with 1,356 being males and 2,446 being females. So 64% of the student body is female, while 36% is male. That being said, there are 5 men’s teams and 7 women’s teams. In total there are 122 females playing sports and 99 males. With regards to funding, I found that the revenues matched the expenses for both the men’s and women’s athletic teams. For the Men they generated and spent $2.2 million dollars, while the female’s athletic team had a number of $3.039 million. Both of the men’s and women’s teams broke even but did not show a ...
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...ll athletics, but is it necessary to do so at the cost of removing sports that men want to participate in? I think there has to be other ways to increase female participation without putting limits on either gender. That is what equity is about, not strategically implementing standards that will dictate who and how many can participate. Equity relies on the equal opportunities, so it does not particularly make much sense when I look at Barry and see that the women’s teams are more numerous but when we ask for a football team it is seen as unfeasible or that it would create discord.
Works Cited
http://www.warrickschools.com/schools/castle/athletics/coachHandbook/Gender%20Equity%20Information/3%20Components%20of%20Title%20IX.pdf
http://ope.ed.gov/athletics/index.aspx
3. Spengler, J. (2009). Introduction to sport law. (pp. 182-195). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics
Over two decades have passed since the enactment of Title IX, a federal law prohibiting sex discrimination in federally funded education, including athletics. As a result of Title IX, women and girls have benefited from more athletic participation opportunities and more equitable facilities. Because of Title IX, more women have received athletic scholarships and thus opportunities for higher education that some may not have been able to afford otherwise. In addition, because of Title IX the salaries of coaches for women's teams have increased. Despite the obstacles women face in athletics, many women have led and are leading the way to gender equity.
Title IX is a law that was made by the NCAA in 1972, that states that there can be no discrimination or exclusion of a gender through athletics or education. (Mankiller). Which means that men's sports cannot be favored over women's sports. Many people are very cognizant of this law. For example, if a school has $100,000, the school must spend the money equally between the athletics of each gender, even if there are more men's sports teams. They must get the same treatment. That may sound great, but Title IX has impacted men's athletics significantly. Although Title IX has been a valuable way to establish gender equality, the NCAA loses money, puts men out of scholarships, abolishes smaller men’s sports teams, and it should be
Although Title IX states than, "no person in the United States, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to any discrimination..." it does not guarantee that people will carry this out. After the issuing of Title IX, many women in sports wished to step forward and be recognized. Part of the recognition they wanted was to be included in National Sports Associations like the men's National Basketball Association. Eventually their cries were heard, and sports associations like the NBA agreed to merge and include women. Becoming included was an eye opening experience to many of these women and they have faced (and still do) doubts and discrimination from the public, but along the way they have also reaped benefits they would not have if the merger had never taken place.
While no one can dispute the positive effects of the Title IX, there are those dissenting voices who still to this day feel that is unfair that the major revenue generating sports such as Men’s Football and Basketball pay the way for the non revenue sports such as the Women’s Athletics programs. The same could be said though for such non revenue men’s sports as well. Sports such as men’s golf, lacrosse, soccer, etc.
Title IX and the Education Amendments of 1972 were created to defend equal opportunities for women of all ages. Since its inception 44 years ago, women have seen impressive strides as well as disappointing failures. Social prejudice continues to exist limiting female participation opportunities, benefits for female athletes, coaching opportunities, and increased exposure to sexual assault and abuse. Few institutions treat female athletes equally due to the lack of enforcement by collegiate athletic departments. The enforcement of Title IX has not been a priority among far too many educational institutions leaving women open to discrimination and mistreatment.
Robinson, J., Peg Bradley-Doppes, Charles M. Neinas, John R. Thelin, Christine A. Plonsky, and Michael Messner. “Gender Equity in College Sports: 6 Views.” Chronicle of Higher Education 6 Dec 2002: B7+.
Title IX was passed in 1972 and according to the Women’s Sports Foundation, as of 2011, women make up 38-42 percent of all sport and physical activity participants. Yet, research shows that women receive only 6-8 percent of the total sports coverage. A double standard is defined as a set of principles that allows greater freedom to one person or group than to another. (dictionary.com) In athletics, women are judged more on their appearances and their non-sport related activities, than their male counterparts who are judged primarily on their skills and performances. Female athletes are scrutinized based on their appearances more than their skills and athletic performances in the media.
1. It states that; “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” Title IX applies to all educational institutions, both public and private, that receive federal funds. Almost all private colleges and universities must abide by Title IX. Athletics are not the specific target for Title IX; Athletics programs are considered educational programs and activities. There are three basic parts of Title IX as it applies to athletics: 1.) Participation: does not require institutions to offer identical sports but an equal opportunity to play; 2.) Scholarships 3.) Other benefits: Title IX requires the equal treatment of female and male student-athletes such as: equip, games, tutoring.
“Title IX is a law passed in 1972 that requires gender equity for boys and girls in every educational program that receives federal funding” (“History”, Part. 2). Title IX covers 10 different aspects of gender equality (“History” Par. 3 ). The different aspects are: Access to Higher Education, Career Education, Education for Pregnant and Parenting Students, Employment, Learning Environment, Math and Science, Standardized Testing and Technology, Sexual Harassment. One of the hardest areas to regulate is sexual harassment and assault because once it occurs there isn’t a lot you can do for the victim.
As for the University of Hawaii, I feel that we are making positive strides in the right direction in adding female sports to the athletic program. The latest addition to be added to the program is a women’s track team. Although Title IX has made it possible in opening opportunities for women, I think that law makers need to look into having the University of Hawaii exempt, to some degree, as far as being compliant with Title IX. If equality is what law makers are striving for than, because of UH’s geographical position, it’s not fair that the athletic program alone would have to generate twice as much money compared to the mainland schools, just to stay afloat. Not even to be competitive! How close are we really to achieving “equality” or is there even such a word like that in college sports?
Title IX is also known as the Education Amendment Act of 1972. It enforces that there is no discrimination based upon sex in any sports program. “The difference between amateur and professional sports lies in reward that each group receives for athletic performances.” (Athletics). “Title IX does get blames for cutting men’s sports. It allows schools to decide what teams they will offer, both men and women’s.” (Generation IX). “Over the past twenty five years, the relationship between girls and sports has changed dramatically.” (Mcphee 139-142). It has transformed the way sports will be forever.
Great inequalities in the educational system between the sexes have occurred for many years and still occur today. Efforts have been made to rectify this disparity, but the one that has made the most difference is Title IX. Passed in 1972, Title IX attempted to correct the gender discrimination in educational systems receiving public funding. The greatest correction it made was in the area of athletics, but social justice of Title IX applies to many other areas as well. Title IX has an effect on women who are not athletes in many ways, including quality of education, receptivity to education, empowerment and creation of ideals.
Title IX legislation, passed in 1972, expanded the rights of an individual in ed ucational opportunities. It equalized academic prospects for individuals by ensuring that males and females must have equal access to educational possibilities. Title IX is traditionally attributed to the growth of athletic programs for women by demanding that programs for women are given the same amount of money and attention as men's teams. However, Title IX has dealt with a plethora of equality issues in education that have been overshadowed, for the most part, by the legislation's impressive impact on women in sports.
Deborah Brake explained arguments for and against segregated sports teams. Some of the concepts brought up for having gender integrated sports teams is that having separate sports teams would send out a message that women are less than men. Integrated sports teams accommodate both genders abilities. Giving women an equal opportunity to play against men will change the norm of women in sports and this can be seen as better because both genders will truly be viewed as equals. Women will also have more opportunities to play various sports that are only exclusive to men such as football and
Gender inequality in the United States is a serious problem, and it is often overlooked. It is a big issue, especially within sports. We live in a society where our culture prefers men 's sports over women 's. Labeling activities as feminine and masculine is a social construction based on stereotyped expectations regarding gender and perceived gender differences (McCullick, 2012). In 1972 Title IX was passed stating that, no person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. This opened up athletics to women and girls (Education Amendment Act of 1972, 1972). Although