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language barrier and education
language identity
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Introduction Barbara Seidlhofer, in her paper, analyses the status of non-native English teachers, and tries to understand whether or not exists a superiority of the NESTs over the non-NESTs. This essay will respond to Seidlhofer's points underlying why is she right in defending the non-NESTs. Moreover, it is important to pay attention to some issues that are taken for granted in her discussion, such as the effective existence of the so-called “native speaker”, and the cultural reasons for which there is such a misperception of the non- native speakers. “The native speaker is dead!”1 The first point to consider is, who is the native speaker? All the debates around the theme of EFL teaching are based on the distinction between natives and non-natives. The main question is, who is really considerable a native speaker of English? Is the boundary so strict? Is it possible to find a precise and restrictive definition? Davies stands that “among the criteria for 'native speakerhood', the most often cited and, at first glance most straightforward one is birth.”2 Through it all, analysing different cases, it is inevitable leading to the conclusion that language identity is not always determined by birth, and that there are too many different variables to make birth a sufficient condition. As Medgyes suggests, “another problem has to do with the fuzziness of geographical entities. Which countries qualify as English-speaking countries?3 “Faez (2007) confirmed that linguistic identities are complex, dynamic, relational, dialogic, and highly context-dependent.”4 Therefore, the question is more difficult than it may appear, the only solution is to enlarge the ownership of English to all the people that can speak it proficiently, and that are... ... middle of paper ... ...o try not to generalize, not to create prejudice and struggle to get more qualified teachers, whatever their original country is. As Medgyes stands:” It is becoming a generally accepted view that outstanding teachers cannot be squeezed into any pigeon-hole: all outstanding teachers are ideal in their own ways, and as such are different from each other. The concept of the ideal teacher resists clear-cut definitions, because there are too many variables to consider.26 Personally, I think that the best solution can be found in schools where NESTs and non-NESTs coexists, in which different kind of teachers, all proficient and qualified, are involved in different classes depending on students' needs, but also schools in which there is dialogue and in which this two categories of teacher can work together and help each other with their mutual shortcomings and weaknesses.
“Standard English was imposed on children of immigrant parents, then the children were separated from native English speakers, then the children were labeled “inferior” and “ignorant” (Hughes 70) because they could not speak Standard English. In addition to feeling inferior about their second language skills, these students also felt inadequate in regard to speaking their own mother tongues” (qtd in Kanae)
Language can defined the type of person you become and it has an influence on our choices as well as lifestyle. Language itself has become a way of seeing life in a different perspectives. Tan discusses the many ways in which language has played a role in her life and the result from it. I can relate to Tan’s experience to some extent because I come from a bilingual household too. Just like Tan, I am one of my mother’s main source of communication with people who don’t speak spanish. I believe the notion of Tan’s “Mother Tongue” is stating that just because someone who cannot speak the English language perfectly, is considered less intelligent to many compared to those who can understand and speaks it fluently. But what makes us all unique is that it is rare to find two or more people who speak the same exact English. Even though both Tan and I helped our parent and come from different ethnic backgrounds; Tan came from a Chinese family while I came from a Hispanic family. We both share similar ideas about the language spoken in our household, and it was also a big challenge for both of us while we were being raised by an immigrant parent who spoke only “limited English”(Tan
In Amy Tan’s essay “Mother Tongue” she illustrates the characteristics of both first and second generation immigrants. Also, she uses her short story “Two Kinds” to represent these characteristics. First generation immigrants are the first of their family to move to the United States. Tan’s essay describes her mother as a limited English speaker and describes her English as limited, broken and fractured (Tan essay, 3, 7). In “Two Kinds” the mother who is first generation in America also was a limited English speaker, throughout the story speaks in “broken
In the essay “Mother Tongue” Amy Tan, the author, gives a different, a more upbeat outlook on the various forms of English that immigrants speak as they adapt to the American culture. Using simple language to develop her argument, she casually communicates to the audience rather than informing which helps the audience understand what is being presented at ease. Her mother plays an important role in her outlook of language, because she helps her realize that language not only allows one to be a part of a culture but create one’s identity in society. Amy Tan shares her real life stories about cultural racism and the struggle to survive in America as an immigrant without showing any emotions, which is a wonderful epiphany for the audience in realizing
“Mother Tongue” is an essay that show the power of language and how Amy Tan uses the many forms of English and the different ways in which the language she knew impacted her life. I feel connected to Tan’s essay because I also come from a multilingual home. I have smart emigrant parents who are educated, but even though they are educated they still need my help with communicating with people occasionally. I believe the most important idea in Tan’s “Mother Tongue” is the limitation that an imperfect English can cause in a society and the richness that such English can bring to
Amy Tan becomes more conscious of her language use in this essay. At work, she uses sophisticated English. At home, she speaks choppy English so her mother, who has broken English, can understand her. Even though Tan possesses an extensive English vocabulary, she acknowledges her mother’s English skills. She shows this by telling her mother, “not waste money that way” when shopping for furniture. Tan is conscious of not only her own English skills, but also her mother’s English skills. This broken English shows that she acknowledges cultural diversity since she is also raising awareness that most immigrants struggle with knowing decent English in the process. According to Tan, language “suddenly seemed to me, with nominalized forms, past perfect tenses, conditional phrases, all the forms of standard English that I had learned in school and through books, the forms of English I did not use at home with my mother” (Tan, “Mother Tongue”). This English is the only English where she can successfully communicate with her mother. She could not speak this English to her husband or colleagues. As seen with Tan’s mother, is okay to live in the United States without extensive English knowledge. Tan did nor force her mother to match her own English. Rather than doing so, Tan was willing to communicate with her mother by speaking in choppy English. Tan concludes that language is a tool that changes
My mother would occasionally take me to work with her at the nail salon while sitting at her station I would notice how rudely customers would treat her due to her lack of English. At that point, I realized that my mother did not sacrifice everything to be ridiculed all because she could not speak English. A sense of determination washed over me. With the aid of my ESL class, in addition, to listening to other people’s discourse of the language, I gradually became fluent in the glorious English language. While learning English, it sent me on an unforgettable journey each step I took felt like I was paving my own pathway to success. After years of feeling un-American, I was committed to teaching and changing myself with knowledge, soon enough, learning the English language allowed me to adapt to my environment. Growing up as an immigrant kid, I lusted for eloquence and fluency after discovering the significance and strength of communication.
Language can be a difficult task to foreigners who have already achieved a first language. In “Mother Tongue” by Amy Tan, “Mute in an English-only World” by Chang-Rae Lee, and “Leave your Name at the Border” by Manuel Munoz, the authors explain how people are judged by their “broken language”, and their lack of understanding the English language. Tan, Lee, and Munoz admits that by not being fluent in English, it was hard to adjust to the new world that they lived in. The authors explained that throughout their life-time, English was very important to them; they also felt embarrassed in front of others who could not understand what they were saying. By having an accent in America can be a burden on individuals whether it is due to a feeling of being unwelcomed or alienated by others.
As I read these articles, I agreed with almost everything that was said. The Great Teacher Question: Beyond Competencies, by Edward R. Ducharme begins with a sentence that basically sums up my reason for teaching, “I begin this essay by defining a great teacher as one who influences others in positive ways so that their lives are forever altered” (Ducharme, 1991 p. 2). Over the course of a student’s education they will have many teachers, but there are maybe only one or two who are THE teacher. The teacher who impacts this child’s life in a positive way forever. The rest of the articles follow this same theme, suggesting ways that teachers can become THE teacher. One of the most important qualities I found in these articles (and one I
Life is tough when one doesn’t speak the native language or is new to a country. “Mother Tongue” by Amy Tan is a personal essay written in the first person point of view that tells the audience a story of a non-English speaker. Tan shares her story of how difficult it is for her mother to communicate with others. The presumption that people treat one another differently and with disrespect when one does not speak English is categorical truth. Tan’s purpose is to share her story and give the audiences the message of how tough life can be for non-English speakers because they have to work hard to achieve success; therefore, non-English speaker deserves the same respect as other people. Tan’s experiences along with my experiences are similar because
An outstanding educator possesses unique qualities that set him or her apart from others in the field. Ask any student about a favorite teacher and listen intently as he or she describes that person with a smile. Ask a parent of a child who will enter first grade in the fall about the teacher choice for their child. The parent would describe the outstanding educator in their desire for that special teacher. The qualities of an outstanding educator are easily recognized by those whose lives they touch, shape, and change on a daily basis. It is in this writing piece that they will be described and discussed.
In “The Language of Silence,” Kingston was a Chinese immigrant who was timid in her early years of school. The thought of having her voice heard in class made her feel insecure to read or even shed a word outside of class. Kingston mentions, “When I went to kindergarten and had to speak English for the first time, I became silent.”(167) In other words, because she couldn’t speak English fluently, she began to use silence to protect herself from sounding “dumb.” She knew that the English language that came out of her mouth, differed from everyone else's. For children who possess another language, challenges will be presented in school because not only we have to learn the material, but we have to learn an unknown language to us. Perhaps just like Kingston, I struggled to find my place in the English language. When I was little, Spanish was the language I dominated which made me feel really smart. My feelings changed when English was introduced to my life. I encountered myself in a puzzled world, with beautiful pieces because English is a beautiful language, but I just didn’t
All in all, teachers need to be viewed as professionals and not as simply pay babysitters because most do care about the students. Teachers tolerate the low wages, long hours and repetitive disrespect because they desired to place attention on student success. Teachers should not enter that career for the money, but for the devotion they will place on the students. Luckily there are ways to make teachers more valuable in society. Teachers should be given the right equipment to teach the subject that corresponds to them, the two-year skill evaluation should be more precise and by surprise, so no one knows. Also, students should be allowed to evaluate the teachers to provide feedback. Also, teachers should be aware of the surrounding cultures. In conclusion, teachers should motivate students to reach levels they themselves never thought they could attain.
In the contemporary world, the English language is the proffered language of communication in many communities. Most of them are not native English speakers and have acquired English literacy as their secondary language. However, it is a medium of ‘intra-national’ and ‘international’ communications (A. Matsuda & P. Matsuda, n.d.). Throughout the world all communities use a structurally different dialect of English, hence the term ‘Englishes’. Like Australia, there are many countries in the world that are not monolingual, as many Englishes speakers mark their specific variety of English through distinctive phonological, lexical structures showing the uniqueness of their national, regionals or social groups, further making the countries culturally
Being a teacher is not an easy task as many people could think. To be a teacher does not only imply to know the subject to be taught, it also includes being willing to constantly improve oneself integrally, as much as updating the resources and materials one uses in teaching. Reflecting and analyzing over and over again the best way to teach to learn and how to make students to extend what has been learned. The many hours spend in the classroom will never be enough to plan lessons, prepare materials, review pupils tasks and exams, as well, all the administrative requirements one has to cover for whatever institution we work. Besides all this a good teacher, a professional one, will have to find the time to keep preparing to improve oneself.